Igbo (ˈiːboʊ , USalsoˈɪɡboʊ ; Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò) is the principal native language cluster of the Igbo people, a meta-ethnicity from Southern Nigeria.
The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 15 different Igboid languages. The core Igbo cluster or Igbo proper is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Owerri (Isuama), Anambra (Awka) and Umuahia (Ohuhu) dialects, omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties. However, nobody speaks "general Igbo" natively and it is not accepted by all Igbo groups because it hinders effective communication as some are not competent in using it. The largest variety of the core Igbo cluster is Ngwa.
The first book to publish Igbo terms was History of the Mission of the Evangelical Brothers in the Caribbean (Geschichte der Mission der Evangelischen Brüder auf den Carabischen Inseln), published in 1777. Shortly afterwards in 1789, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano was published in London, England, written by Olaudah Equiano, who was a former slave, featuring 79 Igbo words. The narrative also illustrated various aspects of Igbo life in detail, based on Equiano's experiences in his hometown of Essaka. Following the British Niger Expeditions of 1854 and 1857, a Yoruba priest, Samuel Ajayi Crowther, assisted by a young Igbo interpreter named Simon Jonas, produced a primer for the Igbo language in 1857.
The language was standardized in church usage by the Union Ibo Bible (1913).
Central Igbo, is based on the dialects of two members of the Ezinifite group of Igbo in Central Owerri Province between the towns of Owerri and Umuahia in Eastern Nigeria. From its proposal as a literary form in 1939 by Dr.