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Concept
Politics of Norway
Summary
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the prime minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.
Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2019 Press Freedom Index. Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free", scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties".
The Norwegian constitution, signed by the Eidsvoll assembly on 17 May 1814, transformed Norway from being an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. The 1814 constitution granted rights such as freedom of speech (§100) and rule of law (§§ 96, 97, 99). Important amendments include:
4 November 1814: Constitution reenacted in order to form a personal union with the king of Sweden
1851: Constitutional prohibition against admission of Jews lifted (see Jew clause)
1884: Parliamentarism has evolved since 1884 and entails that the cabinet must not have the parliament against it (an absence of mistrust, but an express of support is not necessary), and that the appointment by the King is a formality when there is a clear parliamentary majority. This parliamentary rule has the status of constitutional custom. All new laws are passed and all new governments are therefore formed de jure by the King, although not de facto. After elections resulting in no clear majority, the King appoints the new government de facto
1887: Prohibition against monastic orders lifted
1898: Universal male suffrage established
1905: Union with Sweden dissolved
1913: Universal suffrage established
1956: Religious freedom formalised and prohibition against Jesuits lifted (see Jesuit clause)
2004: New provision on freedom of expression, replacing the old § 100
2007: Removed the old system of division of Stortinget into the Odelsting and Lagting (took effect after the 2009 general election).
Official source
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