In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose arguments and result assume values from a two-element set (usually {true, false}, {0,1} or {-1,1}). Alternative names are switching function, used especially in older computer science literature, and truth function (or logical function), used in logic. Boolean functions are the subject of Boolean algebra and switching theory.
A Boolean function takes the form , where is known as the Boolean domain and is a non-negative integer called the arity of the function. In the case where , the function is a constant element of . A Boolean function with multiple outputs, with is a vectorial or vector-valued Boolean function (an S-box in symmetric cryptography).
There are different Boolean functions with arguments; equal to the number of different truth tables with entries.
Every -ary Boolean function can be expressed as a propositional formula in variables , and two propositional formulas are logically equivalent if and only if they express the same Boolean function.
Truth table
The rudimentary symmetric Boolean functions (logical connectives or logic gates) are:
NOT, negation or complement - which receives one input and returns true when that input is false ("not")
AND or conjunction - true when all inputs are true ("both")
OR or disjunction - true when any input is true ("either")
XOR or exclusive disjunction - true when one of its inputs is true and the other is false ("not equal")
NAND or Sheffer stroke - true when it is not the case that all inputs are true ("not both")
NOR or logical nor - true when none of the inputs are true ("neither")
XNOR or logical equality - true when both inputs are the same ("equal")
An example of a more complicated function is the majority function (of an odd number of inputs).
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In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers. Second, Boolean algebra uses logical operators such as conjunction (and) denoted as ∧, disjunction (or) denoted as ∨, and the negation (not) denoted as ¬.
In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose arguments and result assume values from a two-element set (usually {true, false}, {0,1} or {-1,1}). Alternative names are switching function, used especially in older computer science literature, and truth function (or logical function), used in logic. Boolean functions are the subject of Boolean algebra and switching theory. A Boolean function takes the form , where is known as the Boolean domain and is a non-negative integer called the arity of the function.
In Boolean logic, a formula is in conjunctive normal form (CNF) or clausal normal form if it is a conjunction of one or more clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals; otherwise put, it is a product of sums or an AND of ORs. As a canonical normal form, it is useful in automated theorem proving and circuit theory. All conjunctions of literals and all disjunctions of literals are in CNF, as they can be seen as conjunctions of one-literal clauses and conjunctions of a single clause, respectively.
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