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Concept
Endocrine disease
Summary
Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.
Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:
Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)
Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands
Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young
Hypoglycemia
Idiopathic hypoglycemia
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
Goitre
Hyperthyroidism
Graves-Basedow disease
Toxic multinodular goitre
Hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid hormone resistance
Parathyroid gland disorders
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Osteoporosis
Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)
Pituitary tumors
Pituitary adenomas
Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)
Acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism
Cushing's disease
Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
Hermaphroditism
Gonadal dysgenesis
Androgen insensitivity syndromes
Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)
Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Acquired disorders
Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)
Testicular failure
Disorders of Puberty
Delayed puberty
Precocious puberty
Menstrual function or fertility disorders
Amenorrhea
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEN type 1
MEN type 2a
MEN type 2b
Carcinoid syndrome
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands
In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.
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Ontological neighbourhood
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Endocrine gland
Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs. Pituitary gland The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk, and is enclosed by bone.
Bone pain
Bone pain (also known medically by several other names) is pain coming from a bone, and is caused by damaging stimuli. It occurs as a result of a wide range of diseases or physical conditions or both, and may severely impair the quality of life. Bone pain belongs to the class of deep somatic pain, often experienced as a dull pain that cannot be localized accurately by the patient. This is in contrast with the pain which is mediated by superficial receptors in, e.g., the skin.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria, weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, and nerves.