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The cloud parameterizations of the LMDZ6A climate model (the atmospheric component of the IPSL-CM6 Earth system model) are entirely described, and the global cloud distribution and cloud radiative effects are evaluated against the CALIPSO-CloudSat and CERE ...
For generations, climate scientists have educated the public that 'weather is not climate', and climate change has been framed as the change in the distribution of weather that slowly emerges from large variability over decades(1-7). However, weather when ...
Warming-induced increases in microbial CO2 release in northern tundra may positively feedback to climate change. However, shifts in microbial extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) may alter the impacts of warming over the longer term. We investigated the ...
Drylands are regions encompassing hyperarid, arid, semiarid, or subhumid climatic conditions (see also Chap. 1). They include cold and warm subtropical deserts, savannas, and the Mediterranean environments. Our focus here is on warm drylands, which are gen ...
The global photovoltaic market is mostly dominated by solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si), which are covering 95% of the market. This thesis concerns silicon heterojunction (SHJ), a high-efficiency technology with a 2% market share in 2018, but ...
Temporal dynamics of urban warming have been extensively studied at the diurnal scale, but the impact of background climate on the observed seasonality of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) remains largely unexplored. On seasonal time scales, the intensity ...
Combating climate change requires unified action across all sectors of society. However, this collective action is precluded by the ‘consensus gap’ between scientific knowledge and public opinion. Here, we test the extent to which the iconic cities around ...
Solar modules are currently characterised at standard test conditions (STC), defined at 1000 W/m2 and 25 °C. However, solar modules in actual outdoor operating conditions typically operate at lower illumination and higher temperature than STC, which signif ...
The focus and challenge for energy engineering in the context of rapid climate change is summarised by the Europe 20-20-20 targets, committing to a reduction in energy consumption of 20%. The most logical approach to achieve these goals is to target the mo ...
Because of their high mutation rate, enteric virus populations excreted from a host are not clonal, but rather consist of a mutant cloud with many different genetic variants. Among these variants, the susceptibility to environmental stressors (e.g., temper ...
