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Concept
Motion detection
Summary
Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in the position of an object relative to its surroundings or a change in the surroundings relative to an object. It can be achieved by either mechanical or electronic methods. When it is done by natural organisms, it is called motion perception.
Motion detector#Technology
Motion can be detected by monitoring changes in:
Infrared light (passive and active sensors)
Visible light (video and camera systems)
Radio frequency energy (radar, microwave and tomographic motion detection)
Sound (microphones, other acoustic sensors)
Kinetic energy (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors)
Magnetism (magnetic sensors, magnetometers)
Wi-Fi Signals (WiFi Sensing)
The most basic forms of mechanical motion detection utilize a switch or trigger. For example, the keys of a typewriter use a mechanical method of detecting motion, where each key is a switch that is either off or on, and each letter that appears is a result of the key's motion.
Motion estimation and Moving object detection
The principal methods by which motion can be electronically identified are optical and acoustic. Infrared light or laser technology can be used for optical detection. Motion-detection devices such as PIR motion detectors have a sensor that detects a disturbance in the infrared spectrum. A signal can then activate an alarm, and/or a camera to capture an image or video of the event.
This method's chief applications are:
Detection of unauthorized entry
Turning lights on/off when an area is entered/vacated
Activating a camera to record new events (e.g. human activity)
A simple algorithm for motion detection by a fixed camera compares the current image with a reference image and monitors the number of different pixels. Since images naturally differ due to factors such as varying lighting, camera flicker, and CCD dark currents, pre-processing is useful to reduce the number of false positive alarms.
Official source
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