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Concept
Clinical pharmacy
Summary
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often work in collaboration with physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals. Clinical pharmacists can enter into a formal collaborative practice agreement with another healthcare provider, generally one or more physicians, that allows pharmacists to prescribe medications and order laboratory tests.
Clinical pharmacists have extensive education in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, socio-behavioural and clinical sciences. Most clinical pharmacists have a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree and many have completed one or more years of post-graduate training (for example, a general and/or specialty pharmacy residency). In the United States, clinical pharmacists can choose to become Board-certified through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS), which was organized in 1976 as an independent certification agency of the American Pharmacists Association. The BPS certifies pharmacists in the following specialties:
Ambulatory care pharmacy (BCACP)
Critical care pharmacy (BCCCP)
Nuclear pharmacy (BCNP)
Nutrition support pharmacy (BCNSP)
Oncology pharmacy (BCOP)
Pediatric pharmacy (BCPPS)
Geriatric pharmacy (BCGP)
Pharmacotherapy (BCPS)
Infectious disease pharmacy (BCIDP)
Compounded sterile preparations pharmacy (BCSCP)
Cardiology pharmacy (BCCP)
Transplant Pharmacist (BCTXP)
Psychiatric pharmacy (BCPP)
There are several types of clinical pharmacists in the United States. In California they are called advanced practice pharmacists (APh). In New Mexico, they are known as Pharmacist Clinicians (PhC) and lastly in Montana and North Carolina they are known as Clinical Pharmacist Practitioners (CPP).
Official source
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