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Concept
Quasidihedral group
Summary
In mathematics, the quasi-dihedral groups, also called semi-dihedral groups, are certain non-abelian groups of order a power of 2. For every positive integer n greater than or equal to 4, there are exactly four isomorphism classes of non-abelian groups of order 2n which have a cyclic subgroup of index 2. Two are well known, the generalized quaternion group and the dihedral group. One of the remaining two groups is often considered particularly important, since it is an example of a 2-group of maximal nilpotency class. In Bertram Huppert's text Endliche Gruppen, this group is called a "Quasidiedergruppe". In Daniel Gorenstein's text, Finite Groups, this group is called the "semidihedral group". Dummit and Foote refer to it as the "quasidihedral group"; we adopt that name in this article. All give the same presentation for this group:
The other non-abelian 2-group with cyclic subgroup of index 2 is not given a special name in either text, but referred to as just G or Mm(2). When this group has order 16, Dummit and Foote refer to this group as the "modular group of order 16", as its lattice of subgroups is modular. In this article this group will be called the modular maximal-cyclic group of order . Its presentation is:
Both these two groups and the dihedral group are semidirect products of a cyclic group of order 2n−1 with a cyclic group of order 2. Such a non-abelian semidirect product is uniquely determined by an element of order 2 in the group of units of the ring and there are precisely three such elements, , , and , corresponding to the dihedral group, the quasidihedral, and the modular maximal-cyclic group.
The generalized quaternion group, the dihedral group, and the quasidihedral group of order 2n all have nilpotency class n − 1, and are the only isomorphism classes of groups of order 2n with nilpotency class n − 1. The groups of order pn and nilpotency class n − 1 were the beginning of the classification of all p-groups via coclass. The modular maximal-cyclic group of order 2n always has nilpotency class 2.
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