Shift work

Summary

Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as 24/7). The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties. The term "shift work" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts. In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, altered body composition and obesity, among other conditions. History The shift work system in modern industrial manufacturing originated in the late 18th century. In 1867, Karl Marx wrote on the shift work system in Capital, Volume 1: Capitalist production therefore drives, by its inherent nature, towards the

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Nightshift work can negatively impact sleep, performance, and health. Careful manipulation of light exposure patterns can help reduce these negative effects but is challenging in conditions of rapidly rotating shiftwork and due to individual differences. As chronotype is related to shiftwork tolerance, we explored patterns of sleep, sleepiness, and light exposure during the first day of nightshift work between earlier and later chronotypes, based on data from an observational field study among rapidly rotating hospital nurses. Due to the limited sample size, only descriptive analyses and visual inspection were conducted. In line with findings of lower shiftwork tolerance, earlier chronotypes (N=6) seemed to be sleepier during work and sleep less than later types (N=7). Differences were also observed in light exposure patterns, revealing potential for light exposure interventions, and suggesting a contribution to shiftwork tolerance. For future intervention studies in aiming to identify a light exposure strategy, our findings highlight the importance of investigating light exposure relative to the individual circadian phase.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2021

Nightshift work can negatively impact sleep, performance, and health. Careful manipulation of light exposure patterns can help reduce these negative effects but is challenging in conditions of rapidly rotating shiftwork and due to individual differences. As chronotype is related to shiftwork tolerance, we explored patterns of sleep , sleepiness, and light exposure during the first day of nightshift work between earlier and later chronotypes, based on data from an observational field study among rapidly rotating hospital nurses. Due to the limited sample size, only descriptive analyses and visual inspection were conducted. In line with findings of lower shiftwork tolerance, earlier chronotypes (N=6) seemed to be sleepier during work and sleep less than later types (N=7). Differences were also observed in light exposure patterns, revealing potential for light exposure interventions, and suggesting a contribution to shiftwork tolerance. For future intervention studies in aiming to identify a light exposure strategy, our findings highlight the importance of investigating light exposure relative to the individual circadian phase

2021

It is accepted that the ligand shell morphology of nanoparticles coated with a monolayer of molecules can be partly responsible for important properties such as cell membrane penetration and wetting. When binary mixtures of molecules coat a nanoparticle, they can arrange randomly or separate into domains, for example, forming Janus, patchy or striped particles. To date, there is no straightforward method for the determination of such structures. Here we show that a combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR can be used to determine the ligand shell structure of a series of particles covered with aliphatic and aromatic ligands of varying composition. This approach is a powerful way to determine the ligand shell structure of patchy particles; it has the limitation of needing a whole series of compositions and ligands' combinations with NMR peaks well separated and whose shifts due to the surrounding environment can be large enough.

Nature Publishing Group2012