Formula One

Summary

Formula One (more commonly known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents around the world on either purpose-built circuits or closed public roads. A points system is used at Grands Prix to determine two annual World Championships: one for the drivers, and one for the constructors (the teams). Each driver must hold a valid Super Licence, the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA, and the races must be held on tracks graded "1", the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One

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Development of Bimetallic Titanocene-Ruthenium-Arene Complexes As Anticancer Agents: Relationships between Structural and Biological Properties

Fabio Edafe, Philippe Richard, Olivier Pierre Zava

A series of bimetallic titanium-ruthenium complexes of general formula (η5-C5H5)(μ-η5:κ1-C5H4(CR12)nPR2R3)TiCl2RuCl2 (n = 0, 1, 2 or 4; R1 = H or Me; R2 = H, Ph, or Cy; R3 = Ph or Cy) have been synthesized, including two novel compds. as well as two cationic derivs. of formula [(η5-C5H5)(μ-η5:κ1-C5H4(CH2)nPPh2)TiCl2] (η6-p-cymene)RuCl (n = 0 or 2). The solid state structure of two of these compds. was also established by x-ray crystallog. The complexes showed a cytotoxic effect on human ovarian cancer cells and were markedly more active than their Ti or Ru monometallic analogs titanocene dichloride and RAPTA-C, resp. Studies of cathepsin B inhibition, an enzyme involved in cancer progression, showed that enzyme inhibition by the bimetallic complexes is influenced by the length of the alkyl chain in between the metal centers. Complementary ESI-MS studies provided evidence for binding of a Ru(II) fragment to proteins.

American Chemical Society2010

Impact of breast-feeding and high- and low-protein formula on the metabolism and growth of infants from overweight and obese mothers

Sebastiano Collino, Laeticia Da Silva, Martin Kussmann, Sofia Moco

BACKGROUND: The combination of maternal obesity in early pregnancy and high protein intake in infant formula feeding might predispose to obesity risk in later life. METHODS: This study assesses the impact of breast- or formula-feeding (differing in protein content by 1.65 or 2.7g/100 kcal) on the metabolism of term infants from overweight and obese mothers. From birth to 3 mo of age, infants received exclusively either breast- or starter formula-feeding and until 6 mo, exclusively either a formula designed for this study or breast-feeding. From 6 to 12 mo, infants received complementary weaning food. Metabonomics was conducted on the infants' urine and stool samples collected at the age of 3, 6, and 12 mo. RESULTS: Infant formula-feeding resulted in higher protein-derived short-chain fatty acids and amino acids in stools. Urine metabonomics revealed a relationship between bacterial processing of dietary proteins and host protein metabolism stimulated with increasing protein content in the formula. Moreover, formula-fed infants were metabolically different from breast-fed infants, at the level of lipid and energy metabolism (carnitines, ketone bodies, and Krebs cycle). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive urine and stool metabolic monitoring of responses to early nutrition provides relevant readouts to assess nutritional requirements for infants' growth.

Nature Publishing Group2014

Protection of tapped transmission lines with grounded neutrals has been always a challenging problem, usually resulting in compromise solutions. This type of lines may be protected by pilot relaying requiring dedicated and reliable telecommunication links. This paper proposes a modified distance relaying for protection of tapped lines with grounded neutrals under single-phase-to-ground (1-ph-g) faults. The proposed method uses only local measurements similar to conventional distance relays. Nonetheless, it facilitates fast fault clearing from both line ends over a wider portion of the protected line length. Regardless of whether or not the tapping transformer is in service, the method performs desirably with no need for signaling. The proposed method is extensively tested on a large number of test-systems using the sinusoidal steady-state analysis. It is also implemented into the National Instrument Compact-RIO embedded hardware that has been suitably coupled with the RT-LAB real-time digital simulator by Opal-RT. This setup is used to conduct extensive hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. The improved performance together with simplicity of the proposed distance relaying makes it an attractive option to include in numerical protective relays.

2018