Formule 1

Résumé

La Formule 1, communément abrégée en F1, est une discipline de sport automobile considérée comme la catégorie reine de ce sport. Elle a pris au fil des ans une dimension mondiale et elle est, avec les Jeux olympiques et la Coupe du monde de football, l'un des événements sportifs les plus médiatisés. Chaque année depuis , un championnat mondial des pilotes est organisé, complété depuis par un championnat mondial des constructeurs automobiles. La compétition est basée sur des Grands Prix, courses à bord de voitures monoplaces disputées sur circuits routiers fermés permanents mais parfois tracés en ville et temporaires, comme à Monaco, Singapour, et Bakou. Cette discipline sportive, régie par la Fédération internationale de l'automobile (FIA), est gérée par le Formula One Group et un ensemble de sociétés satellites contrôlées par Liberty Media. Après l'ère des artisans des années 1960 et 1970, elle a peu à peu attiré les grands constructeurs automobiles mondiaux qui y investissent de

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Development of Bimetallic Titanocene-Ruthenium-Arene Complexes As Anticancer Agents: Relationships between Structural and Biological Properties

Fabio Edafe, Philippe Richard, Olivier Pierre Zava

A series of bimetallic titanium-ruthenium complexes of general formula (η5-C5H5)(μ-η5:κ1-C5H4(CR12)nPR2R3)TiCl2RuCl2 (n = 0, 1, 2 or 4; R1 = H or Me; R2 = H, Ph, or Cy; R3 = Ph or Cy) have been synthesized, including two novel compds. as well as two cationic derivs. of formula [(η5-C5H5)(μ-η5:κ1-C5H4(CH2)nPPh2)TiCl2] (η6-p-cymene)RuCl (n = 0 or 2). The solid state structure of two of these compds. was also established by x-ray crystallog. The complexes showed a cytotoxic effect on human ovarian cancer cells and were markedly more active than their Ti or Ru monometallic analogs titanocene dichloride and RAPTA-C, resp. Studies of cathepsin B inhibition, an enzyme involved in cancer progression, showed that enzyme inhibition by the bimetallic complexes is influenced by the length of the alkyl chain in between the metal centers. Complementary ESI-MS studies provided evidence for binding of a Ru(II) fragment to proteins.

American Chemical Society2010

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BACKGROUND: The combination of maternal obesity in early pregnancy and high protein intake in infant formula feeding might predispose to obesity risk in later life. METHODS: This study assesses the impact of breast- or formula-feeding (differing in protein content by 1.65 or 2.7g/100 kcal) on the metabolism of term infants from overweight and obese mothers. From birth to 3 mo of age, infants received exclusively either breast- or starter formula-feeding and until 6 mo, exclusively either a formula designed for this study or breast-feeding. From 6 to 12 mo, infants received complementary weaning food. Metabonomics was conducted on the infants' urine and stool samples collected at the age of 3, 6, and 12 mo. RESULTS: Infant formula-feeding resulted in higher protein-derived short-chain fatty acids and amino acids in stools. Urine metabonomics revealed a relationship between bacterial processing of dietary proteins and host protein metabolism stimulated with increasing protein content in the formula. Moreover, formula-fed infants were metabolically different from breast-fed infants, at the level of lipid and energy metabolism (carnitines, ketone bodies, and Krebs cycle). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive urine and stool metabolic monitoring of responses to early nutrition provides relevant readouts to assess nutritional requirements for infants' growth.

Nature Publishing Group2014

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Protection of tapped transmission lines with grounded neutrals has been always a challenging problem, usually resulting in compromise solutions. This type of lines may be protected by pilot relaying requiring dedicated and reliable telecommunication links. This paper proposes a modified distance relaying for protection of tapped lines with grounded neutrals under single-phase-to-ground (1-ph-g) faults. The proposed method uses only local measurements similar to conventional distance relays. Nonetheless, it facilitates fast fault clearing from both line ends over a wider portion of the protected line length. Regardless of whether or not the tapping transformer is in service, the method performs desirably with no need for signaling. The proposed method is extensively tested on a large number of test-systems using the sinusoidal steady-state analysis. It is also implemented into the National Instrument Compact-RIO embedded hardware that has been suitably coupled with the RT-LAB real-time digital simulator by Opal-RT. This setup is used to conduct extensive hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. The improved performance together with simplicity of the proposed distance relaying makes it an attractive option to include in numerical protective relays.

2018

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