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Concept
Yanaon
Summary
Yanaon (janaˈɔ̃, jaːnaːm, eːnaːm) was one of the five principal settlements of French India between 1731 and 1954. It was referred to in British records as Yanam.
The French in their earlier records does mention their interest in establishing trade in the Northern Circars, which lie in the coastal regions of the Hyderabad sultanate. The Northern circars are very important as they sway a big influence in the court of Deccan Subah. This Subah is indeed the most important among all other provinces of the Mughal empire in the Indian peninsula. The Mughal Empire considers Deccan as their principal power. In some old records, it was mentioned as Ayanaon, a big village in the Circar of Rajamindri, situated along the Ingiram river. This French establishment very well flourished before the setback and failures of the French during the Seven Years' War. From this town and its surroundings, beautiful towels are manufactured. These towels are referred as guinées du Nord. As per the 1783 report by French, "one judges the fineness of this cloth by the number of Conjons...These guineas of Yanaon were made of 'roui' Cotton which has very long threads" (sic).
Apart from the above political reason, the areas in and around Yanaon were very fertile and the textile industry flourished. The English and Dutch also established many colonies in the Circars of Rajamundry and Ellore. In these circars, the English had colonies in Veeravasaram (1634), Narsapuram/Madapollam (1679), Injaram (1708), Coringa (1759), Neelapalli (1751),Bendamurlanka (1751) and the Dutch made their presence in Palakollu (1613), Draksharama (1633), Jagannathapuram (1734).
The Subah of Deccan (i.e. Hyderabad) had 22 Circars and Rajamundry circar had 17 paraganas comprising 24 mahals in it with Injaram being on them.
In the west of Yanam, there are still ISO (Indigo wells). People say that the Dutch constructed a fort here. It is being called by locals as "saali kota" because previously weavers (Saalivandru) used to weave clothes.
Official source
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