Electronic cigarette | EPFL Graph Search

An electronic cigarette (commonly and nowadays known as a vape) is a device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer (often a cotton wick and a heating element coil), a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank filled with liquid. Instead of smoke, the user inhales "vapor" (though technically primarily an aerosol). As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid, which quickly cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air. E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button. Some look like traditional cigarettes, and most kinds are reusable. The vapor mainly comprises propylene glycol and/or glycerin, usually with nicotine and flavoring. Its exact composition varies, and depends on several things including user behavior. Vaping is likely far less harmful than smoking, but still harmful. E-cigarette vapor contains fewer toxins than cigarette smoke. It contains traces of harmful substances not found in cigarette smoke. Nicotine is highly addictive. Users become physically and psychologically dependent. Scientists do not know how harmful e-cigarettes are over the long-term because it is hard to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking when so many people both vape and smoke. E-cigarettes have not been used widely enough or for long enough to be sure. For people trying to quit smoking, e-cigarette use alongside prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) leads to a higher quit rate. For those trying to quit smoking without medical help, it is not clear whether e-cigarettes raise quit rates because the evidence is of poor quality. Construction of electronic cigarettes An electronic cigarette consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container for e-liquid such as a cartridge or tank. E-cigarettes have evolved over time, and the different designs are classified in generations.

Organic electrochemical transistors printed from degradable materials as disposable biochemical sensors

Danick Briand, Nicolas Francis Fumeaux, Silvia Demuru, Claudio Pinto Almeida

Transient electronics hold promise in reducing electronic waste, especially in applications that require only a limited lifetime. While various degradable electronic and physical sensing devices have been proposed, there is growing interest in the developm ...

2023