In the United States, education is provided in public and private schools and by individuals through homeschooling. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges, and universities. The bulk of the 1.3trillioninfundingcomesfromstateandlocalgovernments,withfederalfundingaccountingforabout260 billion in 2021 compared to around 200billioninpastyears.Privateschoolsarefreetodeterminetheirowncurriculumandstaffingpolicies,withvoluntaryaccreditationavailablethroughindependentregionalaccreditationauthorities,althoughsomestateregulationcanapply.In2013,about87Bystatelaw,educationiscompulsoryoveranagerangestartingbetweenfiveandeightandendingsomewherebetweenagessixteenandeighteen,dependingonthestate.Thisrequirementcanbesatisfiedinpublicorstate−certifiedprivateschools,oranapprovedhomeschoolprogram.Compulsoryeducationisdividedintothreelevels:elementaryschool,middleorjuniorhighschool,andhighschool.Numerouspubliclyandprivatelyadministeredcollegesanduniversitiesofferawidevarietyinpost−secondaryeducation.Post−secondaryeducationisdividedintocollege,asthefirsttertiarydegree,andgraduateschool.Highereducationincludespublicresearchuniversities,privateliberalartscolleges,historicallyblackcollegesanduniversities,communitycolleges,for−profitcolleges,andmanyotherkindsandcombinationsofinstitutions.CollegeenrollmentratesintheUnitedStateshaveincreasedoverthelongterm.Atthesametime,studentloandebthasalsorisento1.5 trillion.
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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.
Household income is an economic standard that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a household's economic status or to track economic trends in the US. A key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S.
The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Numerous indigenous cultures formed, and many saw transformations in the 16th century away from more densely populated lifestyles and towards reorganized polities elsewhere. The European colonization of the Americas began in the late 15th century, however most colonies in what would later become the United States were settled after 1600. By the 1760s, the thirteen British colonies contained 2.