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Concept
Maryam (surah)
Summary
Maryam ( مريم, Maryam; Arabic synonym of "Mary") is the 19th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 98 verses (āyāt). The 114 chapters in the Quran are roughly ordered by size. The Quranic chapter is named after Mary, mother of Jesus (Isa), and the Virgin Mary in Christian belief. It recounts the events leading up to the birth of Jesus, subject matter covered in Luke 1 of the Christian Bible. The text of the surah refers to many known prophetic figures, including Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Ishmael, Idris, Adam, Zechariah and Noah.
The Birmingham Quran manuscript preserves the final eight verses (Q19:91–98), on parchment radiocarbon dated to between 568ce/56bh and 645/25ah. The Sanaa manuscript, dated between 578ce/44 bh and 669/49ah, includes verses 2–28.
From the perspective of Islamic tradition, (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is an earlier "Meccan Surah", believed to have been revealed sooner than the later revelations in Medina. Theodor Nöldeke's chronology identifies this Surah as the 58th Surah delivered. Traditional Egyptian chronology places it as the 44th.
1-6 Zacharias prays for offspring
7-8 Gabriel is sent with an answer promising a son
9-12 Zacharias asks a sign which is given
13-15 John the Baptist's mission and character described
16-22 Story of Mary's miraculous conception
22-23 The birth of Jesus
23-27 Mary in distress is comforted by Jesus 28-29 Mary brings her child to her people, who reproach her 30-34 Jesus (speaking in infancy) vindicates his mother and describes his own prophetic character 35 Jesus the Word of Truth
36 God has no son 37 God alone to be worshipped
38-41 The miserable fate of Jewish and Christian sectaries
The story of Abraham:
42-46 He reproaches his father for idolatry
47 His father threatens to stone him
48-50 Abraham prays for his father, but separates himself from him
50-51 God gives him Isaac and Jacob, who were notable prophets
52 Moses—an apostle and prophet
53 Discourses with God privately
54 Aaron given him for an assistant
55-56 Ismaíl was a prophet acceptable to his Lord
57 ۩ 58 Idris was taken up to heaven
59 God is bounteous to all true prophets
59, 60 The followers of former prophets compared with those of Muhammad
61-63 The reward of the faithful in Paradise
64 Gabriel comes down from heaven only when commanded
65 God is the only Lord—no name like his
66-67 The dead shall surely rise 68-72 The dead shall be judged on their knees
73-75 Believers and unbelievers compared
75-76 The prosperity of infidels a sign of God's reprobation
77-78 Good works better than riches
79-83 The doom of the wicked certain
84-85 Even the false gods will desert idolaters on judgment day
86-87 God sends devils to incite infidels to sin
88-92 Attributing children to God a great sin 93-95 God the only Lord—all creatures His servants
96 Believers to be rewarded with love
97 The Quran made easy for Muhammad
98 Miserable doom of all God's enemies
The chapter opens with the Bismillah and the "mysterious letters," or muqattaʿat: Kaf; Ha; Ya; 'Ayn; and Sad.
Official source
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