Concept

Bleach

Related publications (40)

Predicting aqueous speciation of environmentally relevant halogen oxidants: chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines

Chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines are halogen-containing oxidants that arise from the reaction between ammonia and hypohalous acids during the disinfection of drinking and wastewaters. Although involved in the formation of toxic disinfection by ...

2015

Comparison of a novel extraction-based colorimetric (ABTS) method with membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS): Trichloramine dynamics in pool water

Urs von Gunten, Silvio Canonica

Trichloramine is a hazardous disinfection by-product, which is present in chlorinated swimming pools. Although it is primarily taken up by inhalation, the concentration in pool water is important to monitor pool water quality and to assess trichloramine mi ...

Elsevier2014

Photolysis of inorganic chloramines and efficiency of trichloramine abatement by UV treatment of swimming pool water

Urs von Gunten, Silvio Canonica

Trichloramine, one of the three inorganic chloramines (mono-, di- and trichloramine), is a problematic disinfection by-product in recreational pool water since it causes skin and eye irritations as well as irritations of the respiratory tract. The most com ...

Elsevier2014

Enhanced Chlorine Dioxide Decay in the Presence of Metal Oxides: Relevance to Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Urs von Gunten, Chao Liu

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) decay in the presence of typical metal oxides occurring in distribution systems was investigated. Metal oxides generally enhanced ClO2 decay in a second-order process via three pathways: (1) catalytic disproportionation with equimol ...

American Chemical Society2013

Enhanced N-nitrosamine formation in pool water by UV irradiation of chlorinated secondary amines in the presence of monochloramine

Urs von Gunten, Minju Lee, Silvio Canonica

N-Nitrosamines, in particular N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), are carcinogens, which occur as chlorine disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pools and hot tubs. UV treatment is a commonly used technique in swimming pools for disinfection and DBP atten ...

Elsevier2013

Iodate and Iodo-Trihalomethane Formation during Chlorination of Iodide-Containing Waters: Role of Bromide

Urs von Gunten

The kinetics of iodate formation is a critical factor in mitigation of the formation of potentially toxic and off flavor causing iodoorganic compounds during chlorination. This study demonstrates that the formation of bromine through the oxidation of bromi ...

2012

Effects of carbonate on the electrolytic removal of ammonia and urea from urine with thermally prepared IrO2 electrodes

Christos Comninellis, Véronique Amstutz, Agnieszka Kapalka, Kai Udert

Recent studies have shown that electrolysis can be an efficient process for nitrogen removal from urine. These studies have been conducted with urea solutions or fresh urine, but urine collected in NoMix toilets and urinals has a substantially different co ...

Springer Netherlands2012

Formation of assimilable organic carbon during oxidation of natural waters with ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, permanganate, and ferrate

Urs von Gunten

Five oxidants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, permanganate, and ferrate were studied with regard to the formation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and oxalate in absence and presence of cyanobacteria in lake water matrices. Ozone and ferrate formed ...

2011

Impact of virus aggregation on inactivation by peracetic acid and implications for other disinfectants

Tamar Kohn, Paolo Perona, Benoît Crouzy, Krista Rule Wigginton, Michael Jon Mattle, Moritz Brennecke

Viruses in wastewater and natural environments are often present as aggregates. The disinfectant dose required for their inactivation, however, is typically determined with dispersed viruses. This study investigates how aggregation affects virus inactivati ...

2011

Direct and mediated electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on boron-doped diamond electrode

Christos Comninellis, Agnieszka Kapalka

Direct (non-mediated) electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode proceeds mainly at high pH (>8) via free ammonia (NH3) oxidation. To enhance ammonia oxidation on BDD at low pH (

Elsevier2010

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