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An airplane (American English), or aeroplane (Commonwealth English), informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Worldwide, commercial aviation transports more than four billion passengers annually on airliners and transports more than 200 billion tonne-kilometers of cargo annually, which is less than 1% of the world's cargo movement. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled such as drones. The Wright brothers invented and flew the first airplane in 1903, recognized as "the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight". They built on the works of George Cayley dating from 1799, when he set forth the concept of the m

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A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape o

An aircraft (: aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, in a fe

Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as l

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Lecture 10 - Distributed Forces

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ME-104: Introduction to structural mechanics

The student will acquire the basis for the analysis of static structures and deformation of simple structural elements. The focus is given to problem-solving skills in the context of engineering design.

ME-445: Aerodynamics

This course will provide the fluid dynamic background to understand how air flows around two- and three-dimensional wings and bodies and to understand the aerodynamics forces and moments acting on the objects as a result of the air flow.

ME-466: Instability

This course focuses on the physical mechanisms at the origin of the transition of a flow from laminar to turbulent using the hydrodynamic instability theory.

Airplane impacts on reinforced concrete shells

IENER1982

Can soot particles emitted by airplane exhaust contribute to the formation of aviation contrails and cirrus clouds?

Michel Rossi, Hubert van den Bergh

[1] Flame soot samples taken as surrogates for aviation soot have been generated under two limiting conditions of combustion in a rich and lean flame resulting in grey and black soot, respectively. Absolute mean surface residence times tau(s) of H2O adsorbed on soot ranging from 400 to 150 ms have been measured for black soot at 243 K and for grey soot at 193 K, respectively. The kinetic parameters for desorption of H2O adsorbed on grey and black soot are E-a = 7 +/- 0.5 and 9 +/- 0.6 kcal/mol, logA/ s(-1) = 8.8 +/- 0.5 and 8.5 +/- 0.5, respectively. We conclude that soot aerosol may be coated with H2O molecules in a sulfur-free pathway once the particles have cooled down to 500 K in the plume of aviation exhaust.

2002

Modeling and simulation methods to assess EM terrorism effects

Michel Ianoz

HPM and UWB sources can represent a threat for the sensitive equipment of various military and civil targets. The paper focuses on effects on aircraft and discusses the modeling possibilities available today to estimate such a threat for modern airplanes. An evaluation of voltages at the input of electronics, based on measured attenuations of a HPM field in a cavity and induced voltages in the wiring of a car which can be considered as being similar to the structure of an airplane cabling, is presented. This estimation shows the potential danger for the electronics submitted to a low level HPM

1999

A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape o

An aircraft (: aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, in a fe

Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as l

Lecture 10 - Distributed Forces