Constitution of Tunisia

The Constitution of Tunisia is the supreme law of the Tunisian Republic. The constitution is the framework for the organization of the Tunisian government and for the relationship of the federal government with the governorates, citizens, and all people within Tunisia. Tunisia's first modern constitution was the Fundamental Pact of 1857. This was followed by the Constitution of 1861, which was not replaced until after the departure of French administrators in 1956, by the constitution of 1959. It was adopted on 1 June 1959 and amended in 1999 and 2002, after the Tunisian constitutional referendum of 2002. Following the revolution and months of protests, a Constituent Assembly was elected to draft a new constitution, the Tunisian Constitution of 2014 which was adopted on 26 January 2014. In September 2021, President Kaïs Saïed announced an upcoming reform of the 2014 Constitution. It's acted by the Presidential Decree n° 2021-117 of 22 September 2021. On 25 May 2022, he issued a decree for change of constitution by July 25. A constitutional referendum was scheduled for 25 July 2022. The opposition called for a boycott, and after the referendum results indicated that 90% of small 30% turnout supported Saied, he promised that Tunisia will enter the new phase after he got the unlimited power. The territory of modern-day Tunisia knew its first form of political organization with the fr of ancient Carthage. Its text was extensively referred to by Aristotle in his work, Politics. In this, Aristotle speaks highly of the Carthaginian constitution and describes it as a model of a balanced constitution, having the best characteristics of other political regimes; It combines elements of monarchic (kings or shophets), aristocratic (senate) and democratic (people's assembly) regimes. Beginning in 1839 the Ottoman Empire introduced a number of reforms in government starting with the Hatt-ı Şerif of the Gülhane, but these were not applied in Tunisia due to the independence of the Husainid Dynasty and the conservatism of the ruling Bey, Ahmad I ibn Mustafa.