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Concept
Web Server Gateway Interface
Summary
The Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI, pronounced whiskey or ) is a simple calling convention for web servers to forward requests to web applications or frameworks written in the Python programming language. The current version of WSGI, version 1.0.1, is specified in Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) 3333.
WSGI was originally specified as PEP-333 in 2003. PEP-3333, published in 2010, updates the specification for Python 3.
In 2003, Python web frameworks were typically written against only CGI, FastCGI, mod_python, or some other custom API of a specific web server. To quote PEP 333:
Python currently boasts a wide variety of web application frameworks, such as Zope, Quixote, Webware, SkunkWeb, PSO, and Twisted Web -- to name just a few. This wide variety of choices can be a problem for new Python users, because generally speaking, their choice of web framework will limit their choice of usable web servers, and vice versa... By contrast, although Java has just as many web application frameworks available, Java's "servlet" API makes it possible for applications written with any Java web application framework to run in any web server that supports the servlet API.
WSGI was thus created as an implementation-neutral interface between web servers and web applications or frameworks to promote common ground for portable web application development.
The WSGI has two sides:
the server/gateway side. This is often running full web server software such as Apache or Nginx, or is a lightweight application server that can communicate with a webserver, such as flup.
the application/framework side. This is a Python callable, supplied by the Python program or framework.
Between the server and the application, there may be one or more WSGI middleware components, which implement both sides of the API, typically in Python code.
WSGI does not specify how the Python interpreter should be started, nor how the application object should be loaded or configured, and different frameworks and webservers achieve this in different ways.
Official source
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