June 26

4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar. 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire. 684 – Pope Benedict II is the last pope to require confirmation by the Byzantine emperor before taking office. 699 – En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima. 1243 – Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ. 1295 – Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms. 1407 – Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. 1409 – Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XIII in Avignon. 1460 – War of the Roses: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London. 1483 – Richard III becomes King of England. 1522 – Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes. 1541 – Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed. 1579 – Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins. 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, Peter the Great's son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him. 1723 – After a siege and bombardment by cannon, Baku surrenders to the Russians. 1740 – A combined force of Spanish, free blacks and allied Indians defeat a British garrison at the Siege of Fort Mose near St. Augustine during the War of Jenkins' Ear. 1794 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Fleurus marked the first successful military use of aircraft. 1830 – William IV becomes king of Britain and Hanover.