July 3

324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792. 1035 – William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigning until 1087. 1608 – Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain. 1754 – French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces. 1767 – Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret. 1767 – Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1778 – American Revolutionary War: Iroquois allied to Britain kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre. 1819 – The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens. 1839 – The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students. 1848 – Governor-General Peter von Scholten emancipates all remaining slaves in the Danish West Indies. 1849 – France invades the Roman Republic and restores the Papal States. 1852 – Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in San Francisco. 1863 – American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge. 1866 – Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgrätz, enabling Prussia to exclude Austria from German affairs. 1884 – Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average. 1886 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile. 1886 – The New-York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand. 1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state. 1898 – A Spanish squadron, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is defeated by an American squadron under William T.