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Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart). Tachycardia can lead to fainting. When the rate of blood flow becomes too rapid, or fast blood flow passes on damaged endothelium, it increases the friction within vessels resulting in turbulence and other disturbances. According to the Virchow's triad, this is one of the three conditions that can lead to thrombosis (i.e., blood clots within vessels). Some causes of tachycardia include: Adrenergic storm Anaemia Anxiety Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Atrial tachycardia Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia AV nodal reentrant tachycardia Brugada syndrome Circulatory shock and its various causes (obstructive shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, distributive shock) Dehydration Dysautonomia Exercise Fear Hypoglycemia Hypovolemia Hyperthyroidism Hyperventilation Inappropriate sinus tachycardia Junctional tachycardia Metabolic myopathy Multifocal atrial tachycardia Pacemaker mediated Pain Panic attack Pheochromocytoma Sinus tachycardia Sleep deprivation Supraventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome Drug related: Alcohol (Ethanol) intoxication Stimulants Cannabis Drug withdrawal Tricyclic antidepressants Nefopam Opioids (rare) The upper threshold of a normal human resting heart rate is based on age. Cutoff values for tachycardia in different age groups are fairly well standardized; typical cutoffs are listed below: 1–2 days: Tachycardia >159 beats per minute (bpm) 3–6 days: Tachycardia >166 bpm 1–3 weeks: Tachycardia >182 bpm 1–2 months: Tachycardia >179 bpm 3–5 months: Tachycardia >186 bpm 6–11 months: Tachycardia >169 bpm 1–2 years: Tachycardia >151 bpm 3–4 years: Tachycardia >137 bpm 5–7 years: Tachycardia >133 bpm 8–11 years: Tachycardia >130 bpm 12–15 years: Tachycardia >119 bpm

15 years – adult: Tachycardia >100 bpm Heart rate is considered in the context of the prevailing clinical picture.

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Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias, also known as cardiac arrhythmias, heart arrhythmias, or dysrhythmias, are irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow. A resting heart rate that is too fast – above 100 beats per minute in adults – is called tachycardia, and a resting heart rate that is too slow – below 60 beats per minute – is called bradycardia. Some types of arrhythmias have no symptoms. Symptoms, when present, may include palpitations or feeling a pause between heartbeats.

Tachycardia

Pulse

In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). Pulse (or the count of arterial pulse per minute) is equivalent to measuring the heart rate.

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