Concept

January 10

Summary
49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the beginning of his own, the Xin dynasty. 69 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is appointed by Galba as deputy Roman Emperor. 236 – Pope Fabian succeeds Anterus to become the twentieth pope of Rome. 1072 – Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo in Sicily for the Normans. 1430 – Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, establishes the Order of the Golden Fleece, the most prestigious, exclusive, and expensive order of chivalry in the world. 1475 – Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui. 1645 – Archbishop William Laud is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London. 1776 – American Revolution: Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet Common Sense. 1791 – The Siege of Dunlap's Station begins near Cincinnati during the Northwest Indian War. 1812 – The first steamboat on the Ohio River or the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, 82 days after departing from Pittsburgh. 1861 – American Civil War: Florida becomes the third state to secede from the Union. 1863 – The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground. 1870 – John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil. 1901 – The first great Texas oil gusher is discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas. 1901 – New York: Automobile Club of America installs signs on major highways. 1916 – World War I: Imperial Russia begins the Erzurum Offensive, leading to the defeat of the Ottoman Empire Third Army. 1917 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party were rescued after being stranded for several months. 1920 – The Treaty of Versailles takes effect, officially ending World War I for all combatant nations except the United States. 1920 – League of Nations Covenant automatically enters into force after the Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany.
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