Optical communication

Summary

Optical communication, also known as optical telecommunication, is communication at a distance using light to carry information. It can be performed visually or by using electronic devices. The earliest basic forms of optical communication date back several millennia, while the earliest electrical device created to do so was the photophone, invented in 1880. An optical communication system uses a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal. When electronic equipment is not employed the 'receiver' is a person visually observing and interpreting a signal, which may be either simple (such as the presence of a beacon fire) or complex (such as lights using color codes or flashed in a Morse code sequence). Modern communication relies on optical networking systems using optical fiber, optical amplifiers, lasers, switches, routers, and other

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communication

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High Performance InP-Based Quantum Dash Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers for Optical Communications

Anthony Martinez

Several applications are pushing the development of high performance mode-locked lasers: generation of short pulses for extremely high bit rate transmission at 100 Gb/s and beyond, all-optical clock recovery at 40 Gb/s and beyond, generation of millimeter wave signals through mode-beating on a high speed photodiode, optical sampling for analog-to-digital conversion, and generation of wavelength-division-multiplexing channels. This paper will report on new advances in InP-based quantum dash mode-locked lasers, which largely surpass the performance of their bulk or quantum well counterparts in terms of the mode-beating spectral purity and the bandwidth of optical spectrum. In particular, we will describe the quantum dash nanostructures used for the mode-locked lasers and the dependence of the mode-locking properties on detailed quantum dash structures. We will demonstrate that these quantum dash lasers can be actively mode-locked, generating sub-picosecond or picosecond pulses at different repetition frequencies with extremely low timing jitter. They can also be used to achieve all-optical clock recovery, with timing jitter compliant with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standards even for highly degraded input optical signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we demonstrate that, owing to the very wide and flat optical spectrum and the low relative-intensity noise level of the mode-locked laser, error-free transmission over 50 km single mode fiber has been achieved for eight wavelength division multiplexing ITU channels at 10 Gb/s with a channel spacing of 100 GHz. (C) 2009 Alcatel-Lucent.

2009

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Novel forms of light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have recently gained interest, especially due to some of their intriguing propagation features. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of near-diffraction-free two-dimensional (2D) space-time (ST) OAM wave packets (l = +1, +2, or +3) with variable group velocities in free space by coherently combining multiple frequency comb lines, each carrying a unique Bessel mode. Introducing a controllable specific correlation between temporal frequencies and spatial frequencies of these Bessel modes, we experimentally generate and detect near-diffraction-free OAM wave packets with high mode purities (>86%). Moreover, the group velocity can be controlled from 0.9933c to 1.0069c (c is the speed of light in vacuum). These ST OAM wave packets might find applications in imaging, nonlinear optics, and optical communications. In addition, our approach might also provide some insights for generating other interesting ST beams. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

Optica Publishing Group2022

Tunable insertion of multiple lines into a Kerr frequency comb using electro-optical modulators

Ahmad Fallahpour, Maxim Karpov, Tobias Kippenberg, Arne Kordts, Cong Liu, Amirhossein Mohajerin Ariaei, Martin Hubert Peter Pfeiffer, Yan Yan, Lin Zhang

We experimentally insert a flexible number of electro-optical (EO) comb lines into a Kerr frequency comb via EO modulation and demonstrate the use of combined Kerr and EO combs as light sources in coherent communications. The number of EO lines inserted into the Kerr comb can be varied by changing the modulation frequency. Additionally, the inserted EO comb is found to have similar coherence to that of the Kerr comb, as indicated by their linewidths. The high coherence of both the Kerr and EO combs has further been demonstrated in a communication experiment in which the comb lines are encoded with 10 Gbaud quadrature phaseshift- keyed signals. The increased number of comb lines after EO modulation indicates the possibility of obtaining more data channels in optical communications. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America

Optical Society of America2017