Electrical element

Summary

In electrical engineering, electrical elements are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, used in the analysis of electrical networks. All electrical networks can be analyzed as multiple electrical elements interconnected by wires. Where the elements roughly correspond to real components, the representation can be in the form of a schematic diagram or circuit diagram. This is called a lumped-element circuit model. In other cases, infinitesimal elements are used to model the network in a distributed-element model. These ideal electrical elements represent actual, physical electrical or electronic components. Still, they do not exist physically and are assumed to have ideal properties. In contrast, actual electrical components have less than ideal properties, a degree of uncertainty in their values, and some degree of nonlinearity. To model the nonideal behavior of a real circuit component may require a comb

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A single failure in a communication network may trigger many alarms. When the communication network uses optical fibres as transmission medium and increases its capacity by using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), the number of alarms and the difficulty to locate the failure are considerably higher. In this case, a single failure may interrupt several channels which causes a large information loss. We propose an Alarm Filtering Algorithm (AFA) for the fault management of an optical network that supports multiple failures and works in the presence of passive elements, that is, network elements which may fail but never generate an alarm (e.g. optical fibres). The algorithm provides a list of components whose failure explain the observed alarms. It avoids the use of failure probabilities, which are difficult to estimate, and does not need a global knowledge of the network topology. Moreover it also tolerates alarm losses and false alarms. The algorithm is tailored to the specific behaviour of the hardware components of an optical network when a failure occurs. The classification of the network components according to the alarm signals they generate enables a formalisation of the alarm-filtering problem and results in an efficient algorithm for localising the failure(s). This algorithm is applied to the WDM rings of the COBNET network~\cite{cobnet} (COBNET is a European ACTS project) and to a meshed optical network with the ARPA2 topology.

1999

Fault Localization at the WDM Layer

Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Carmen Mas, Patrick Thiran

We propose an Alarm Filtering Algorithm (AFA) for the fault management of an optical network that supports multiple failures and works in the presence of passive elements, that is, network elements which may fail but never generate an alarm (e.g. optical fibres). The algorithm provides a list of components whose failure explain the observed alarms. It avoids the use of failure probabilities, which are difficult to estimate, and does not need a global knowledge of the network topology. Moreover it also tolerates alarm losses and false alarms. The algorithm is tailored to the specific behaviour of the hardware components of an optical network when a failure occurs. The classification of the network components according to the alarm signals they generate enables a formalisation of the alarm-filtering problem and results in an efficient algorithm for localising the failure(s). This algorithm is applied to the WDM rings of the COBNET network (COBNET is a European ACTS project) and to a meshed optical network with the ARPA2 topology.

1999

Fault Localization at the WDM layer

Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Carmen Mas, Patrick Thiran

1999