Electrostatic precipitator

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filterless device that removes fine particles, such as dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit. In contrast to wet scrubbers, which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and therefore is very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of electricity). Invention of the electrostatic precipitator The first use of corona discharge to remove particles from an aerosol was by Hohlfeld in 1824. However, it was not commercialized until almost a century later. In 1907 Frederick Gardner Cottrell, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, applied for a patent on a device for charging particles and then collecting them through electrostatic attraction—the first electrostatic precipitator. Cottrell first applied the device to th

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Design and fabrication of an electrostatic precipitator for infrared spectroscopy

Nikunj Dudani, Satoshi Takahama

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a direct measurement technique for chemical characterization of aerosols that can be applied without solvent extraction thermal treatment a priori. This technique has been used for chemical speciation, source apportionment, and detailed characterization of the complex organic fraction of atmospheric particles. Currently, most IR analyses are performed by transmission through porous membranes on which the particles are collected via filtration. The membrane materials interfere with the IR spectra through scattering and absorption that not only make extracting the chemical information on aerosol harder but also limit the lower extent of detection. An alternative IR measurement method that does not inherit such limitations is to collect the particles on an IR transparent material. We present an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) design that enables such measurements by collection on a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal. Through numerical simulations and rapid prototyping with 3D printing, we design and fabricate a device which is tested with polydispersed ammonium sulfate particles to evaluate the quantitative chemical composition estimates against particle count reference. Furthermore, with an image analysis procedure and using variable aperture of the IR spectrometer, we analyze the radial mass distribution. The collector has high collection efficiency (82 +/- 8 %) and linear response to mass loading (R-2 > 0.94) with a semi-uniform deposition. The method of design and fabrication is transferable to other applications, and the current ESP collector can provide directions for further design improvements.

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH2022

Electrostatic particle collector

Nikunj Dudani, Satoshi Takahama

ESP particle collector (1) for collecting particles in a particle containing gas stream, comprising an inlet section (4), a collector section (6), and an electrode arrangement (8), the inlet section comprising a flow tube (10) defining a gas flow channel (12) therein bounded by a guide wall (24) extending between an entry end (14) and a collector end (16) that serves as an inlet to the collector section (6), the entry end comprising an inlet (28) for the particle gas stream and a sheath flow inlet portion (26) for generating a sheath flow around the particle gas stream, the collector section comprising a housing (18) coupled to the flow tube, and a collector plate (20) mounted therein having a particle collection surface (23). The ESP particle collector is configured to allow optical analysis of the collector plate particle collection surface to measure particles collected thereon. The electrode arrangement comprises at least a base electrode (8a) positioned below the collection surface and a counter-base electrode (8b) positioned at a separation distance L2 above the collection surface such that an electrical field is generated between the electrodes configured to precipitate said particles on the collection surface, wherein the electric field is in a range of 0.1 kV per mm to 1.5 kV per mm, with an absolute voltage on any said electrode that is less than 10 kV, and wherein a ratio ratio I of a radius LI of said inlet at the collector end divided by said separation distance L2 is in a range of 0.8 to 1.2.

2022

Enhanced precipitate growth at reduced temperatures during chemical ordering in deformed red gold alloys

Nadine Baluc, Marina Garcia Gonzalez, Samy Hocine, Steven Van Petegem, Helena Van Swygenhoven

Manufacturing of red gold components relies widely on controlling the formation of ordered precipitates during thermo-mechanical processing. The ordered phase hardens the material, makes it less workable and introduces residual stresses. We show that an industrial wire straightening process on chemically disordered wires enhances the formation of ordered precipitates in the near surface region during natural ageing. To address the role of plastic deformation during artificial ageing, in situ X-ray experiments are carried out on deformed and undeformed samples. It is shown that pre-deformation decreases the onset temperature for ordering and enhances precipitation growth at the early stages of the transformation. (C) 2019 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2019

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