Long-Term Capital Management L.P. (LTCM) was a highly leveraged hedge fund. In 1998, it received a 3.6billionbailoutfromagroupof14banks,inadealbrokeredandputtogetherbytheFederalReserveBankofNewYork.LTCMwasfoundedin1994byJohnMeriwether,theformervice−chairmanandheadofbondtradingatSalomonBrothers.MembersofLTCM′sboardofdirectorsincludedMyronScholesandRobertC.Merton,whothreeyearslaterin1997sharedtheNobelPrizeinEconomicsforhavingdevelopedtheBlack–Scholesmodeloffinancialdynamics.LTCMwasinitiallysuccessful,withannualizedreturns(afterfees)ofaround214.6 billion in less than four months due to a combination of high leverage and exposure to the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 1998 Russian financial crisis. The master hedge fund, Long-Term Capital Portfolio L.P., collapsed soon thereafter, leading to an agreement on September 23, 1998, among 14 financial institutions for a $3.65 billion recapitalization under the supervision of the Federal Reserve. The fund was liquidated and dissolved in early 2000.
John Meriwether headed Salomon Brothers' bond arbitrage desk until he resigned in 1991 amid a trading scandal. According to Chi-fu Huang, later a Principal at LTCM, the bond arbitrage group was responsible for 80–100% of Salomon's global total earnings from the late 1980s until the early 1990s.
In 1993 Meriwether created Long-Term Capital as a hedge fund and recruited several Salomon bond traders; Larry Hilibrand and Victor Haghani in particular would wield substantial clout and two future winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize, Myron Scholes and Robert C. Merton. Other principals included Eric Rosenfeld, Greg Hawkins, William Krasker, Dick Leahy, James McEntee, Robert Shustak, and David W. Mullins Jr.
The company consisted of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM), a company incorporated in Delaware but based in Greenwich, Connecticut.
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