Concept
Multics
Related concepts (24)
Cat (Unix)
cat is a standard Unix utility that reads files sequentially, writing them to standard output. The name is derived from its function to (con)catenate files (from Latin catenare, "to chain"). It has been ported to a number of operating systems. The other primary purpose of cat, aside from concatenation, is file printing allowing the computer user to view the contents of a file. Printing is the most common use of cat. cat was part of the early versions of Unix, e.g.
Redirection (computing)
In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. In Unix-like operating systems, programs do redirection with the system call, or its less-flexible but higher-level stdio analogues, and . Redirection is usually implemented by placing certain characters between commands. Typically, the syntax of these characters is as follows, using < to redirect input, and > to redirect output.
Echo (command)
In computing, echo is a command that outputs the strings that are passed to it as arguments. It is a command available in various operating system shells and typically used in shell scripts and s to output status text to the screen or a , or as a source part of a pipeline. The command is available in the following operating systems: Multics TSC FLEX MetaComCo TRIPOS Zilog Z80-RIO Microware OS-9 DOS Acorn Computers Panos Digital Research FlexOS IBM OS/2 Microsoft Windows ReactOS HP MPE/iX KolibriOS SymbOS Unix and Unix-like operating systems Many shells, including all Bourne-like (such as Bash or zsh) and Csh-like shells as well as COMMAND.
Single-level store
Single-level storage (SLS) or single-level memory is a computer storage term which has had two meanings. The two meanings are related in that in both, pages of memory may be in primary storage (RAM) or in secondary storage (disk), and that the physical location of a page is unimportant to a process. The term originally referred to what is now usually called virtual memory, which was introduced in 1962 by the Atlas system at the University of Manchester.