Culture

Summary

Culture (ˈkʌltʃər) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical behavior for an individual and duty, honor, and loyalty to the social group are

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Régénération du quartier Renens-Gare. Un jardin de culture ferroviaire

Xavier Tauxe

La ville de Renens profite de l'expansion de l'Ouest-Lausannois pour enrichir son capital culturel. Mon projet prend part à ce processus de croissance en recyclant les infrastructures ferroviaires de la gare de triage qui datent du début XIXe siècle. Le rendement de ce territoire est fortement sous-exploité aujourd'hui, c'est pourquoi ma réflexion englobe la réaffectation de cette “friche urbaine” dans son ensemble. Le patrimoine ferroviaire fait partie de l'histoire vivante de Renens. L'enjeu a été d'intégrer le passé dans les transformations à venir, afin de garder en mémoire le caractère du lieu et d'en perpétuer son identité. Le site est fortement marqué au sol par le faisceau de ses rails. La reprise de ces traces, toutes linéaires, m'a permis de mettre en place le mécanisme qui régit le nouveau décor autour de la gare: mon projet instaure un parc mécanique dans le quartier Renens-Gare, recyclant le rail pour générer un nouveau lieu d'échange et de création ouvert à tous. Un jardin ferroviaire alliant sport, culture et loisirs au-dessus duquel viennent se disposer les compartiments de résidence pour étudiants. La force vitale de la nature permet d'apporter le contrepoids à l'état de ruine dans lequel se trouve l'industrie présente sur les lieux. Le nouveau dessin de cette plateforme permet la reconnexion Nord-Sud de la ville en supprimant la rupture que sont les voies ferroviaires dans le paysage urbain actuel. La circulation du site s'articule autour d'un nouvel axe transversal pour ensuite s'intégrer naturellement dans la composition longitudinale du réseau ferré, ceci procure à son visiteur un effet dynamique qui rappellera les anciens mouvements des machines à vapeur. Le programme s'organise à deux hauteurs différentes. Au niveau du sol, le tapis végétal du parc s'étend librement à travers une série de cheminements aléatoires, alors qu'au-dessus le réseau linéaire de la ville traverse les voies et règle la distribution du logement.

2010

Entre rives. Vitry-sur-Seine / Alfortville, France

Gwendoline Jessica Aurore Ternet

Promenade à travers le (Grand) Paris ; traversée, rapide, lente ; temps Rythmes et fréquences, arrêt, Navigation urbaine, entre pavillonnaire, grands ensembles, zones commerciales et industrielles Le transversal s’oppose au radial Contrastes, juxtapositions, fragmentation d’un tissu urbain continu Infrastructures et archipel, îles et rivières qui forgent le territoire La Seine, force majeure ; eau, rives, berges, quais, ponts Paysage, horizon, un parc, une digue, dégagement, délimitation. Marcher, arpenter, connaitre, percevoir, expérimenter, s’approprier, inviter Entre “banlieues”, périphéries, villes, quartiers Identité, culture, activité, appel, partage D’une destination, d’un point ancrage, amener le passage Promeneurs, travailleurs, occupants, visiteurs Pour l’habitat, les loisirs, la culture, les activités et industries. Eau et érosion, inondation, fluide Sol, accessible, perméable, poreux Ruissèlement, nappe, drainage, écosystème Végétalisation contre la pollution, filtre Submersion, par vagues, limites, zones humides Crues et ses expansions, une digue, un bassin. Longueur de la traversée 1.85 km Longueur 122 m Largeur 5.6 m Hauteur 7.5 m Longueur de la digue 1.5 km Largeur entre 5 et 7 m Hauteur 5 m Volume de terre 202 500 m3 Surface du bassin 6 km2 Profondeur 4.5 m (1 m d’eau au niveau général de la Seine, 4.5 m pour les crues annuelles) Volume d’eau 166 000m3 Surface de la scène du théâtre 1600 et 700 m2 Nombre de places 2 500 personnes Nombre d’habitants à Vitry-sur-Seine, Maison-Alfort et Alfortville 198 108 Densité emploi par hectare à Vitry-sur-Seine 22.5 (159 à Paris)

2018

This research investigates homemaking of culturally diverse groups. Homemaking is a process, which is created by residents through the understanding of forms and belongings to represent and celebrate events throughout new structures and objects. Homemaking also is influenced by residents¿ domestic traditions. The investigation of this phenomenon is the focus of this study. Several questions are discussed, partly related to understanding the meaning of home among immigrants, and partly aiming to discover the relation between homemaking and immigrants¿ previous home in their house country. In order to answer the research questions, the present study examines the tensions of immigrants to change different parts of their houses to understand how their homemaking is affected by their domestic culture and memories of their house in their native country. The research contains two main parts. The first part explains a theoretical framework and the bodies of knowledge, while the second part focuses on the analysis of findings and conclusions. In the second part of the research, a study on transformation of domestic traditions on modern house architecture in Tehran aims at discovering respective achievements related to the use of space based on cultural values. In addition, similarities and differences between immigrants¿ current houses in two different host countries and their previous houses in their native countries are observed and examined. Throughout this part, those aspects of domestic tradition, which are transferred by immigrants in the settling process, are investigated. The city of Tehran is considered as a benchmark to achieve all documents from the immigrant houses in their native country during the second Pahlavi period. In addition, as the host cities, Hamburg from Germany and Zürich from Switzerland are studied to answer the research questions with a comparative analysis from Iranian families. In addition, four types of modern houses, including detached houses, row houses, high-rise apartments, and slum houses (Alunak), built in 1940-1979 in Tehran, are examined to understand the immigrants¿ previous houses. The results of this research reveal that homemaking among immigrants serves the creation of the feeling of being at home pursued by immigrants¿ culture in order to recall their houses in Tehran. Results unravel a strong relationship between the immigrants¿ domestic traditions in Iran and their homemaking in Zürich and Hamburg. The Iranian traditional aspects commonly introduce influential factors in homemaking of Iranian immigrants. Some common findings of homemaking process, which are the results of the transformation of Iranian immigrants¿ domestic culture to Zürich and Hamburg, introduce an adaptation of the original Iranian house according to several common factors as follows: ¿ Renovation of the interior arrangement of spaces like living room and kitchen based on their houses in Tehran. ¿ The importance of privacy forces the families to make their home by covering the windows with curtains, covering the yards by tall greenery walls, and separating the interior plans into public and private sections. ¿ Owing to guest hospitality, the houses are furnished to offer sufficient space for guests same as the houses in Tehran, thereby providing different daily and nightly functions for the rooms.

EPFL2017