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The HoxD cluster is critical for vertebrate limb development. Enhancers located in both the telomeric and centromeric gene deserts flanking the cluster regulate the transcription of HoxD genes. In rare patients, duplications, balanced translocations or inv ...
Mesomelic dysplasia, a severe shortening and bending of the limb, has been linked to rearrangements in the HoxD cluster in humans and mice. Here the authors engineer a 1 Mb inversion including the HoxD gene cluster and use this model to provide a mechanist ...
Transcriptional regulation of vertebrate Hox genes involves enhancer sequences located either inside or outside the gene clusters. In the mouse Hoxd complex, for example, series of contiguous genes are coordinately controlled by regulatory sequences locate ...
During embryonic development, fields of progenitor cells form complex structures through dynamic interactions with external signaling molecules. How complex signaling inputs are integrated to yield appropriate gene expression responses is poorly understood ...
The molecular mechanisms that govern bone and joint formation are complex, involving an integrated network of signaling pathways and gene regulators. We investigated the role of Hox genes, which are known to specify individual segments of the skeleton, in ...
Polyalanine expansion in the human HOXD13 gene induces synpolydactyly (SPD), an inherited congenital limb malformation. A mouse model was isolated, which showed a spontaneous alanine expansion due to a 21-bp duplication at the corresponding place in the mo ...
Chromatin condensation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Recently, it was shown that the transcriptional activation of Hoxd genes during vertebrate digit development involves modifications in 3D interactions within and around th ...
The mouse limb deformity (ld) mutations cause limb malformations by disrupting epithelial-mesenchymal signaling between the polarizing region and the apical ectodermal ridge. Formin was proposed as the relevant gene because three of the five ld alleles dis ...
The products of Hox-4 genes appear to encode position in developing vertebrate limbs. In chick embryos, a number of different signalling regions when grafted to wing buds lead to duplicated digit patterns. We grafted tissue from the equivalent regions in m ...
The chicken limb deformity (ld) mutation affects morphogenesis of both limbs and kidneys and is one of few murine mutations for which the affected gene has been isolated. Analysis of the chicken homolog reveals evolutionary conservation of large parts of t ...
