From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under 25/barrel.Then,during2004,thepriceroseabove40, and then 60.Aseriesofeventsledthepricetoexceed60 by August 11, 2005, leading to a record-speed hike that reached 75bythemiddleof2006.Pricesthendroppedbackto60/barrel by the early part of 2007 before rising steeply again to 92/barrelbyOctober2007,and99.29/barrel for December futures in New York on November 21, 2007. Throughout the first half of 2008, oil regularly reached record high prices. Prices on June 27, 2008, touched 141.71/barrel,forAugustdeliveryintheNewYorkMercantileExchange,amidLibya′sthreattocutoutput,andOPEC′spresidentpredictedpricesmayreach170 by the Northern summer. The highest recorded price per barrel maximum of 147.02wasreachedonJuly11,2008.Afterfallingbelow100 in the late summer of 2008, prices rose again in late September. On September 22, oil rose over 25to130 before settling again to 120.92,markingarecordone−daygainof16.37. Electronic crude oil trading was temporarily halted by NYMEX when the daily price rise limit of 10wasreached,butthelimitwasresetsecondslaterandtradingresumed.ByOctober16,priceshadfallenagaintobelow70, and on November 6 oil closed below 60.Thenin2009,priceswentslightlyhigher,althoughnottotheextentofthe2005–2007crisis,exceeding100 in 2011 and most of 2012. Since late 2013 the oil price has fallen below the 100mark,plummetingbelowthe50 mark one year later.
As the price of producing petroleum did not rise significantly, the price increases have coincided with a period of record profits for the oil industry. Between 2004 and 2007, the profits of the six supermajors – ExxonMobil, Total, Shell, BP, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips – totaled $494.8 billion. Likewise, major oil-dependent countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Russia, Venezuela and Nigeria have benefited economically from surging oil prices during the 2000s.
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Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas fields) that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development. Oil and gas reserves tied to approved operational plans filed on the day of reserves reporting are also sensitive to fluctuating global market pricing. The remaining resource estimates (after the reserves have been accounted) are likely sub-commercial and may still be under appraisal with the potential to be technically recoverable once commercially established.
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel () of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level. The global price of crude oil was relatively consistent in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century.
BP p.l.c. (formerly The British Petroleum Company p.l.c and BP Amoco p.l.c) is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England. It is one of the oil and gas "supermajors" and one of the world's largest companies measured by revenues and profits. It is a vertically integrated company operating in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and extraction, refining, distribution and marketing, power generation, and trading.
We model oil price dynamics in a general equilibrium production economy with two goods: a consumption good and oil. Production of the consumption good requires drawing from oil reserves at a fixed rate. Investment necessary to replenish oil reserves is cos ...
As oil consumption surged in Western Europe after 1945, its environmental and sanitary consequences became visible to consumers for whom they had remained largely hidden until then. Indeed, refineries had long been located in the producing countries or, in ...
Gas shale swelling during hydraulic stimulation is one of the major challenges in unconventional gas development. It is hypothesized that the large volumetric strain upon water imbibition is a consequence of dramatic changes in capillary pressure and disjo ...