United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together, they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The House's composition was established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of representatives who, pursuant to the Uniform Congressional District Act, sit in single member congressional districts allocated to each state on the basis of population as measured by the United States census, with each district having one representative, provided that each state is entitled to at least one. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected, although universal suffrage did not come to effect until after the passage of the 19th Amendment and the Civil Rights Movement. Since 1913, the number of voting representatives has been at 435 pursuant to the Apportionment Act of 1911. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 capped the

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An empirical study on the characterization of machined surface integrity by chip morphology in dry end-milling of titanium alloy

Muhammad Arif

Titanium alloys manifest low thermal conductivity and high work hardenability in machining. These alloys are thus considered as difficult-to-machine at higher cutting speeds and pose serious problems in machining such as degraded machined surface and rapid tool-wear. Mostly, the integrity of the machined surface is assessed by post-process microscopic examination or by metallurgical testing techniques where machined workpiece needs to be further processed to perform subsequent testing on sophisticated equipment in usually meticulous ways. This study presents a qualitative but simple approach for the rapid characterization of the machined surface integrity in high-speed milling of titanium alloy. It has been established empirically that the chip morphology carries significant information about the machined surface integrity, and hence, can be considered as a reliable representative of the machined surface integrity.

Professional Engineering Publishing2014

Integrative decision-making strategy for fluvial neighborhoods in transition

Sara Sonia Formery Regazzoni, Martine Laprise

The changing relationships between cities and their waters over the centuries lead today – after a clear sidelining of rivers in the city – to question their potential for building new interactions. Current densification objectives of the existing built fabric resonating with the protection measures against floods bring out a broad field of exploration regarding the evolution of the urban riverbanks. Within this context, the research presented here focuses on the Rhône, an emblematic territory of the regeneration of urban riverbanks. Besides the technical means of risk management in flood-prone areas, landscape, urban, and architectural issues question the project approach to adopt for the development of new fluvial neighborhoods. Furthermore, many challenges raise for the management and steering of these sites in transition. Their regeneration in sustainable fluvial neighborhoods being closely linked with the accentuation of their characteristics, the ambition of the ongoing research consists in developing an integrative decision-making strategy specific to the issues related to the transformation of the urban sites along the Rhône. In that order, three steps are applied: 1. a prospective phase on four representative study areas, 2. the development of specific city-river balance components, and 3. the experimentation of an unprecedented multi-criteria comparative evaluation approach. These tools are not only strongly interconnected but are also parts of the integrative decision-making strategy, which is the main expected output of the research.

2020

Unravelling the structural complexity and photophysical properties of adamantyl-based layered hybrid perovskites

Paramvir Ahlawat, Brian Irving Carlsen, Mohammad Ibrahim Dar, Algirdas Ducinskas, Michael Graetzel, Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi, Yang Li, Jovana Milic, Marko Mladenovic, Ursula Röthlisberger, Wolfgang Richard Tress, Amita Ummadisingu, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin

Layered hybrid perovskites comprising adamantyl spacer (A) cations based on the A(2)FA(n-1)Pb(n)I(3n+1)(n= 1-3, FA = formamidinium) compositions have recently been shown to act as promising materials for photovoltaic applications. While the corresponding perovskite solar cells show performances and stabilities that are superior in comparison to other layered two-dimensional formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells, the underlying reasons for their behaviour are not well understood. We provide a comprehensive investigation of the structural and photophysical properties of this unique class of materials, which is complemented by theoretical analysisviamolecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. We demonstrate the formation of well-defined structures of lower compositional representatives based onn= 1-2 formulations with (1-adamantyl)methanammonium spacer moieties, whereas higher compositional representatives (n> 2) are shown to consist of mixtures of low-dimensional phases evidenced by grazing incidence X-ray scattering. Furthermore, we reveal high photoconductivities of the corresponding hybrid perovskite materials, which is accompanied by long charge carrier lifetimes. This study thereby unravels features that are relevant for the performance of FA-based low-dimensional hybrid perovskites.

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2020

AR-427: History of housing

Le cours se focalise sur les moments les plus significatifs de l'histoire de l'habitation urbaine en Europe. L'accent est mis sur les types courants, ou les plus facilement répétés, de différentes classes sociales et qui ont particulièrement contribué à la définition du caractère urbain.

AR-241: Building technology III

Ce cours traite des divers domaines techniques intervenant dans la conception et la réalisation d'un bâtiment, soit : physique du bâtiment, structures, matériaux, construction et installations techniques; ceci dans une approche globale et transversale.

AR-310: Art and architecture

La structure du cours suivra une orientation chronologique. Le cours s'articulera en leçons qui reconstruiront historiquement les diverses œuvres et théories développées au cours des XXe et XXIe siècles.

United States

The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America and consisting of 50 states, a federal distr

United States Congress

The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate.

Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled politicians in every state