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Concept
Gingivitis
Summary
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that is attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis. Most forms of gingivitis are plaque-induced.
While some cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis.
Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene; however, without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the inflammation of the gums results in tissue destruction and bone resorption around the teeth. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to tooth loss.
The symptoms of gingivitis are somewhat non-specific and manifest in the gum tissue as the classic signs of inflammation:
Swollen gums
Bright red gums
Gums that are tender or painful to the touch
Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing and/or flossing
Bad breath (halitosis)
Additionally, the stippling that normally exists in the gum tissue of some individuals will often disappear and the gums may appear shiny when the gum tissue becomes swollen and stretched over the inflamed underlying connective tissue. The accumulation may also emit an unpleasant odor. When the gingiva are swollen, the epithelial lining of the gingival crevice becomes ulcerated and the gums will bleed more easily with even gentle brushing, and especially when flossing.
Recurrence of gingivitis
Periodontitis
Infection or abscess of the gingiva or the jaw bones
Trench mouth (bacterial infection and ulceration of the gums)
Swollen lymph nodes
Associated with premature birth and low birth weight
A study from 2018 found evidence that gingivitis bacteria may be linked to Alzheimer's disease. Scientists agree that more research is needed to prove a cause and effect link. "Studies have also found that the bacteria P. gingivalis – which are responsible for many forms of gum disease – can migrate from the mouth to the brain in mice.
Official source
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