Depth psychology

Depth psychology (from the German term Tiefenpsychologie) refers to the practice and research of the science of the unconscious, covering both psychoanalysis and psychology. It is also defined as the psychological theory that explores the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious, as well as the patterns and dynamics of motivation and the mind. The theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Alfred Adler are all considered its foundations. The term "depth psychology" was coined by Eugen Bleuler and refers to psychoanalytic approaches to therapy and research that take the unconscious into account. The term was rapidly accepted in the year of its proposal (1914) by Sigmund Freud, to cover a topographical view of the mind in terms of different psychic systems. He is considered to have revolutionized this field, which he viewed in his later years as his most significant work. Since the 1970s, depth psychology has come to refer to the ongoing development of theories and therapies pioneered by Pierre Janet, William James, and Carl Gustav Jung, as well as Freud. All explore relationships between the conscious and the unconscious (thus including both psychoanalysis and Jungian psychology). Depth psychology states that the psyche process is partly conscious, partly unconscious, and partly semi-conscious. In practice, depth psychology seeks to explore underlying motives as an approach to various mental disorders. Depth psychologists believe that the uncovering of deeper, often unconscious, motives is intrinsically healing in and of itself. It seeks knowledge of the deep layers underlying behavioral and cognitive processes. In modern times, the initial work, development, theories, and therapies of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Otto Rank have grown into three main perspectives on depth psychology: Psychoanalytic: Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott (among others); object relations theory; Neo-Freudianism Adlerian: Adler's individual psychology Jungian: Jung's analytical psychology; James Hillman's archetypal psychology Adlerian psychology has been regarded as depth psychology due to its aim of discovering the buried unconscious phenomena.

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Jungian archetypes

Jungian archetypes are a concept from psychology that refers to a universal, inherited idea, pattern of thought, or image that is present in the collective unconscious of all human beings. The psychic counterpart of instinct, archetypes are thought to be the basis of many of the common themes and symbols that appear in stories, myths, and dreams across different cultures and societies. Some examples of archetypes include those of the mother, the child, the trickster, and the flood, among others.

Humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism. Thus, Abraham Maslow established the need for a "third force" in psychology. The school of thought of humanistic psychology gained traction due to key figure Abraham Maslow in the 1950s during the time of the humanistic movement. It was made popular in the 1950s by the process of realizing and expressing one's own capabilities and creativity.

Collective unconscious

Collective unconscious (kollektives Unbewusstes) refers to the unconscious mind and shared mental concepts. It is generally associated with idealism and was coined by Carl Jung. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious is populated by instincts, as well as by archetypes: ancient primal symbols such as The Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, the Tower, Water, and the Tree of Life. Jung considered the collective unconscious to underpin and surround the unconscious mind, distinguishing it from the personal unconscious of Freudian psychoanalysis.

Satellite constellation design algorithm for remote sensing of diurnal cycles phenomena

Luzius Gregor Kronig, Sung Wook Paek

This paper proposes an algorithm to find the smallest satellite constellation satisfying a given set of Earth observation requirements. This methodology is exemplified with the Satellites Observing Lakes and Vegetation Environments (SOLVE) study, which aim ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2018

Psychophysical magic: rendering the "invisible" visible

Adriana De Pesters

Conscious and unconscious processing are two of the most hot topics in neuroscience. In unconscious processing research, usually a direct measure is used to show that a target is not consciously perceived. An indirect measure is used to show that still the ...

2009

Out-of-body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin

Olaf Blanke

During an out-of-body experience (OBE), the experient seems to be awake and to see his body and the world from a location outside the physical body. A closely related experience is autoscopy (AS), which is characterized by the experience of seeing one's bo ...

Oxford University Press2004

Designing Spaces: Movement and Architecture AR-488: Familiar horror-critical history of domestic space

Explores the relationship between movement and architecture, focusing on the collaboration between choreographers and designers.