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Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane. It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline, when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas). Production Syngas is produced by steam reforming or partial oxidation of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons, or coal gasification. Steam reforming of methane is an endothermic reaction requiring 206 kJ/mol of methane: : In principle, but rarely in practice, biomass and related hydrocarbon feedstocks could be used to generate biogas and biochar in waste-to-energy gasification facilities. The gas generated (mostly methane and carbon dioxide) is sometimes described as syngas but it

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A Techno Assessment of Different Solvent- based Capture Technologies Within an IGCC-CCS Power-station

Jeremy Urech

Detailed IGCC coal power-plant thermo models, including different CO2 capture such as the chemical absorption MDEA and the hot potassium carbonate UNO Mk1, and the physical absorption Selexol are presented in this work. Based on these models, energy integrations are performed and IGCC efficiencies are compared for the cases with and without CO2 capture. For each CO2 capture system, different configurations are simulated in order to determine the best solutions in term of efficiency. The IGCC without capture yields an efficiency of 45.02%. The efficiency are closed for the IGCC with the MDEA and Selexol cases with 36.39% for the IGCC with MDEA capture and 36.42% for the IGCC with the Selexol capture system. The IGCC with the UNO process yields the highest efficiency with 37.33%. The UNO absorber can operate at higher temperature than the MDEA and Selexol cases. Therefore the water present in the syngas is not condensed before the absorber, thus the syngas mass-flow sending to the gas turbine is higher and the power produced in the gas turbine is, as well, higher. An overall Moo optimization is performed on the IGCC with the UNO CO2 capture system by varying different decision variables in the gasification, WGS, CO2 capture and gas turbine and cogeneration Rankine steam network units. The air pre-heat in the gas turbine has the most influence on the efficiency. By optimizing the different decision variables, an efficiency of 39.31% is yielded for the IGCC with the UNO CO2 capture for 90% of capture rate. In the prospect of resolving the best thermo-economic solution, an economic evaluation has to be performed in the future.

2012

Review, modeling, Heat Integration, and improved schemes of Rectisol®-based processes for CO2 capture

Manuele Gatti, François Maréchal, Emanuele Martelli

The paper evaluates the thermodynamic performances and the energy integration of alternative schemes of a methanol absorption based acid gas removal process designed for CO2 Capture and Storage. More precisely, this work focuses the attention on the Rectisol® process specifically designed for the selective removal of H2S and CO2 from syngas produced by coal gasification. The study addresses the following issues: (i) perform a review of the Rectisol® schemes proposed by engineers and researchers with the purpose of determining the best one for CO2 capture and storage; (ii) calibrate the PC-SAFT equation of state for CH3OH-CO2-H2S-H2-CO mixtures at conditions relevant to the Rectisol® process; (iii) evaluate the thermodynamic performances and optimize the energy integration of a "Reference" scheme derived from those available in the literature; (iv) identify and assess alternative Rectisol® schemes with optimized performance for CO2 Capture and Storage and Heat Integration with utilities. On the basis of the analysis of the Composite Curves of the integrated process, we propose some possible improvements at the level of the process configuration, like the introduction of mechanical vapor recompression and the development of a two stage regeneration arrangement. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2014

Thermodynamic analysis, energy integration and flowsheet improvement of a methanol absorption acid gas removal process

Manuele Gatti, François Maréchal, Emanuele Martelli

This paper analyses the thermodynamic performance and proposes different energy integration schemes for a methanol absorption based acid gas removal process, namely the Rectisol® process specifically designed for the selective removal of H2S and CO2 from coal derived syngas. The study consists of three major tasks: 1. Calibrating the PC-SAFT equation of state for MEOH-CO2-H2S-H2-CO mixtures at conditions relevant for the Rectisol® process. 2. Evaluating the thermodynamic performances and optimising the energy integration of the "Reference" scheme by means of "heat-cascade" based optimisation methodology. 3. Identifying attractive process modifications on the basis of Process Integration principles.

Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC2013