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The current state of knowledge of cement hydration mechanisms is reviewed, including the origin of the period of slow reaction in alite and cement, the nature of the acceleration period, the role of calcium sulfate in modifying the reaction rate of tricalc ...
Addition of fine limestone provides an excellent means to reduce the amount of clinker in cement. It is now well accepted that limestone partially reacts in cementitious systems with C3A to produce hemi- and monocarboaluminate phases and as a consequence m ...
It is known that the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concretes reduces or even stops expansion due to alkali silica reaction (ASR). It has been widely shown that the main mechanism controlling ASR in blends is the alkali fixation ...
The microstructural aspects of iron sulfide degradation in dam concrete were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in both dam concrete samples and laboratory concrete. The results show that iron sulfid ...
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is one of the main constituents of Portland cement. Even though it represents less than 10% of the total composition, its strong reaction with water can lead to a rapid setting, called flash set. Gypsum is added to regulate this ...
We present a planar micro-direct methanol fuel cell (μ−DMFC) fabricated by rapid prototyping powder blasting technology. Using an elastomeric mask, we pattern two parallel microfluidic channels in glass. The anode and cathode of the fuel cell are formed by ...
We demonstrate a monolithic polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by integrating a narrow (200 mu m) Nafion strip in a molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure. We propose two designs, based on two 200 mu m-wide and two 80 mu m-wide parallel microflui ...
A specific multi-phosphopeptide enrichment method is presented to complement current phosphopeptide isolation strategies that normally bias mass spectrometry analysis towards the detection of mono-phosphopeptides. An adsorption model is developed that show ...
The durability of concrete is a major challenge for the construction, which devotes one third to one half of its annual investment to building maintenance. The lack of field data regarding concrete durability, especially in the case of exposure to sulfate ...
We use the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model to quantify the influence of trace gas–aerosol interactions on the regional and global distributions and optical properties of aerosols for present-day conditions. The model includes fully interactiv ...