Internal medicine

Summary

Internal medicine, also known as general internal medicine in Commonwealth nations, is a medical specialty for medical doctors focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases. Medical practitioners of internal medicine are referred to as internists, or physicians in Commonwealth nations. Internists possess specialized skills in managing patients with undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes. They provide care to both hospitalized (inpatient) and ambulatory (outpatient) patients and often contribute significantly to teaching and research. Internists are qualified physicians who have undergone postgraduate training in internal medicine, and should not be confused with "interns”, a term commonly used for a medical doctor who has obtained a medical degree but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised. In the United States and Commonwealth nations, there is often confusion between internal medicine and family medicine, with people mist

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_medicine

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The niche under siege: novel targets for metastasis therapy

Albert Santamaria Martinez

Metastasis is an inefficient process and most cancer cells fail to colonize secondary sites. There are several possible reasons for this. First, the nature of the infiltrating cells is important as a small population of cancer stem cells has been shown to have exclusive metastasis-initiating potential. Secondly, supportive niches are required to promote the outgrowth of disseminated tumour cells. S uch niches are either produced prior to the arrival of cancer cells in the target organ or are induced ad hoc upon cell infiltration. Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been found to play a role in establishing these niches. This has highlighted the importance of the ECM for metastatic progression, and suggests that such components may provide alternative targets for treatment of metastastic disease. © 2012 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.

Wiley-Blackwell2013

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In this work, we studied a combination of embedded magnetic measurement system in a knee prosthesis and wearable inertial sensors to estimate two knee joint rotations namely flexion-extension and internal-external rotations. The near optimal sensor configuration was designed for implantable measurement system, and linear estimators were used to estimate the mentioned angles. This system was separately evaluated in a mechanical knee simulator and the effect of the imposed Abduction-Adduction rotation was also studied on the angle estimations. To reduce the power consumption of the internal system, we reduced the sampling rate and duty cycled the implantable sensors. Then we compensated the lack of information via use of kinematic information from wearable sensors to provide accurate angle estimations. As long as this smart prosthesis is not implanted yet on a subject, the angles estimations from implantable sensors and wearable sensors are realistically simulated for four subjects. The simulated angle estimations were fed to the designed data fusion algorithms to boost the estimation performance. The results were considerably improved via use of Maximum Entropy Ordered Weighted Averaging (MEOWA) fusion for flexion angles, but not for internal-external angle estimations.

Ieee2013

Estimation of prosthetic knee angles via data fusion of implantable and wearable sensors

Kamiar Aminian, Arash Arami, Arnaud Barré, Roderik Berthelin

2013