Residency (medicine)

Summary

Residency or postgraduate training is a stage of graduate medical education. It refers to a qualified physician (one who holds the degree of MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB), veterinarian (DVM or VMD), dentist (DDS or DMD), podiatrist (DPM) or pharmacist (PharmD) who practices medicine, veterinary medicine, dentistry, podiatry, or clinical pharmacy, respectively, usually in a hospital or clinic, under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty such as an attending physician or consultant. In many jurisdictions, successful completion of such training is a requirement in order to obtain an unrestricted license to practice medicine, and in particular a license to practice a chosen specialty. In the meantime they practice "on" the license of their supervising physician. An individual engaged in such training may be referred to as a resident, registrar or trainee depending on the jurisdiction. Residency training may be followed by fellowship or sub-s

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residency_(medicine)

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Aménagement durable pour Megève: ensemble de logements et commerces (F)

Marianne Chardon

Lors de l'énoncé théorique, j'ai étudié l'évolution de Megève depuis sa création en tant que station de sports d'hiver sur les plans architectural et urbain, culturel et touristique, démographique et social, économique et immobilier. Il en ressort que le village est en crise: son attractivité a certes généré une croissance de l'économie locale avec la création de nombreux emplois mais, victime de son succès, Megève ne peut plus loger ses résidents permanents. Ville de touristes quatre mois par an (avec 80 % de résidences secondaires) devenant village mort le reste de l'année, le maintien d'une population permanente et de commerces de proximité devient une nécessité afin de conserver l'âme du village, principal attrait touristique. En tant que lieu de villégiature, Megève présente une offre relativement concurrentielle et adaptée à la demande. En revanche, Megève doit aujourd'hui répondre aux besoins des autochtones. Partons du postulat: le développement durable est la mise en équilibre de 3 sphères (économique, environnementale et sociale) afin de répondre aux besoins actuels sans pour autant compromettre les besoins futurs. La proposition d'aménagement durable du village consiste en un ensemble de locaux commerciaux et de logements collectifs pour résidents permanents projeté dans une démarche aussi bien socio-économique qu'éco-responsable. A cela s'ajoute le prolongement de la zone piétonne ainsi que la réserve d'une parcelle mitoyenne pour un hôtel de luxe, sponsor du projet.

2012

The small intestine is a highly dynamic and complex cellular ecosystem, which serves as the primary interface between the host and its environment. A critical component of this ecosystem is the microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in shaping both immune and physiological homeostasis of the host from the moment of birth. However, interaction with the microbiota is a double-edged sword â and the inappropriate establishment of host-microbiota crosstalk could lead to detrimental consequences. Eosinophils are multi-functional granulocytes, recruited into the intestine in early life â but the relevance of this phenomenon has remained enigmatic, given the dogmatic view of these cells as drivers of pathophysiology in type-II immune mediated disorders. Understanding the functional significance of their residency in this tissue under homeostatic conditions warrants further investigation and may provide invaluable insight into their dysregulation in disease. In this thesis, I report our investigation of the contributions of eosinophils to small intestinal homeostasis through a broad characterization of changes in various intestinal functions consequent of eosinophil-deficiency. We approached this expansive question through a combination of histological, cellular and transcriptional analyses, which have afforded us unprecedented insight to eosinophil function in this tissue. Using Îdbl.GATA1 mice, a model of constitutive eosinophil deficiency, we provide evidence for a central role for eosinophils in tissue integrity maintenance in response to the microbiota. We report herein that eosinophil-mediated tissue protection is largely driven by epithelial-derived alarmins, released in response to barrier stress â which equips eosinophils with the capacity to maintain small intestinal integrity and homeostasis through the regulation of extracellular matrix remodelling. In summary, our work provides a functional rationale for the early life recruitment of eosinophils in the small intestine, implicating these cells as key facilitators in the establishment of appropriate host-microbiota crosstalk.

EPFL2018

A Drug Administration Decision Support System

Giovanni De Micheli, Alena Simalatsar, Wenqi You Dubout

Drug delivery is one of the most common clinical routines in hospitals, and is critical to patients’ health and recovery. It includes a decision making process in which a medical doctor decides the amount (dose) and frequency (dose interval) on the basis of a set of available patients’ feature data and the doctor’s clinical experience (a priori adaptation). This process can be computerized in order to make the prescription procedure in a fast, objective, inexpensive, non-invasive and accurate way. This paper proposes a Drug Administration Decision Support System (DADSS) to help clinicians/patients with the initial dose computing. The system is based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for estimation of the potential drug concentration in the blood of a patient, from which a best combination of dose and dose interval is selected at the level of a DSS. The addition of the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) technique enhances the prediction accu- racy by selecting inliers for SVM modeling. Experiments are performed for the drug imatinib case study which shows more than 40% improvement in the prediction accuracy compared with previous works. An important extension to the patient features’ data is also proposed in this paper.

2012

EPFL2018