Concept

Neurotransmitter

Related publications (301)

In vivo H-1 NMR measurement of glycine in rat brain at 9.4 T at short echo time

Rolf Gruetter, Lijing Xin, Giulio Gambarota, Chiara Perazzolo

Glycine is an amino acid present in mammalian brain, where it acts as an inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter. The two detectable protons of glycine give rise to a singlet at 3.55 ppm that overlaps with the more intense myo-inositol resonances, and i ...

Wiley-Blackwell2008

A Micro-Electrode Array device coupled to a laser-based system for the local stimulation of neurons by optical release of glutamate

Diego Ghezzi

Optical stimulation is a promising approach to investigate the local dynamic responses of cultured neurons. In particular, flash photolysis of caged compounds offers the advantage of allowing the rapid change of concentration of either extracellular or int ...

Elsevier2008

Markowitz in the brain?

Kerstin Preuschoff

We review recent rain-scanning (fMRI) evidence that activity in certain sub-cortical structures of the human brain correlate with changes in expected reward, as well as with risk. Risk is measured by variance of payoff, as in Markowitz' theory. The brain s ...

2008

Cellular dynamics explored with digital holographic microscopy

Benjamin Rappaz

Obtaining high resolution 3D quantitative images is critical for elucidating the relationship between cell dynamics and physiological or pathological processes. However the feasibility of such cellular dynamic studies is limited by the resolution of the 3D ...

EPFL2008

A limited contribution of Ca2+ current facilitation to paired-pulse facilitation of transmitter release at the rat calyx of Held

Ralf Schneggenburger, Martin Guillermo Mueller

Recent studies have suggested that transmitter release facilitation at synapses is largely mediated by presynaptic Ca2+ current facilitation, but the exact contribution of Ca2+ current facilitation has not been determined quantitatively. Here, we determine ...

2008

Photobleaching-free infrared near-field microscopy localizes molecules in neurons

Giorgio Margaritondo, Kai Johnsson, Harald Hirling, Johanna Generosi, Michel Kropf

High-resolution detection of specific molecules in cells is a major challenge in biology. We show that infrared scanning near-field microscopy can detect the spatial distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid–type glutamate r ...

2008

Hyper-connectivity and hyper-plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex in the valproic Acid animal model of autism

Henry Markram, Tania Rinaldi, Catherine Perrodin

The prefrontal cortex has been extensively implicated in autism to explain deficits in executive and other higher-order functions related to cognition, language, sociability and emotion. The possible changes at the level of the neuronal microcircuit are ho ...

2008

Evolutionary and Computational Advantages of Neuromodulated Plasticity

Andrea Soltoggio

The integration of modulatory neurons into evolutionary artificial neural networks is proposed here. A model of modulatory neurons was devised to describe a plasticity mechanism at the low level of synapses and neurons. No initial assumptions were made on ...

University of Birmingham, UK2008

Evolving Neuromodulatory Topologies for Reinforcement Learning-like Problems

Dario Floreano, Claudio Mattiussi, Peter Dürr, Andrea Soltoggio

Environments with varying reward contingencies constitute a challenge to many living creatures. In such conditions, animals capable of adaptation and learning derive an advantage. Recent studies suggest that neuromodulatory dynamics are a key factor in reg ...

IEEE Press2007

Disynaptic inhibition between neocortical pyramidal cells mediated by Martinotti cells

Henry Markram, Gilad Silberberg

Reliable activation of inhibitory pathways is essential for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition during cortical activity. Little is known, however, about the activation of these pathways at the level of the local neocortical microcirc ...

2007

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