Penaeidae is a family of marine crustaceans in the suborder Dendrobranchiata, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawns. The Penaeidae contain many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp, and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. Lateral line–like sense organs on the antennae have been reported in some species of Penaeidae. At , the myelinated giant interneurons of pelagic penaeid shrimp have the world record for impulse conduction speed in any animal.
Of the 48 recognised genera in the family Penaeidae, 23 are known only from the fossil record (marked †):
† Albertoppelia Schweigert & Garassino, 2004
† Ambilobeia Garassino & Pasini, 2002
† Antrimpos Münster, 1839
Artemesia Bate, 1888
Atypopenaeus Alcock, 1905
† Bombur Münster, 1839
† Bylgia Münster, 1839
† Carinacaris Garassino, 1994
† Cretapenaeus Garassino, Pasini & Dutheil, 2006
† Drobna Münster, 1839
† Dusa Münster, 1839
Farfantepenaeus Burukovsky, 1997
Fenneropenaeus Pérez Farfante, 1969
Funchalia Johnson, 1868
† Hakelocaris Garassino, 1994
Heteropenaeus De Man, 1896
† Ifasya Garassino & Teruzzi, 1995
† Koelga Münster, 1839
† Libanocaris Garassino, 1994
Litopenaeus Pérez Farfante, 1969
† Longichela Garassino & Teruzzi, 1993
† Longitergite Garassino & Teruzzi, 1996
† Macropenaeus Garassino, 1994
Macropetasma Stebbing, 1914
Marsupenaeus Tirmizi, 1971
Megokris Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997
Melicertus Rafinesque, 1814
Metapenaeopsis Bouvier, 1905
Metapenaeus Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891
† Microchela Garassino, 1994
† Micropenaeus Bravi & Garassino, 1998
Parapenaeopsis Alcock, 1901
Parapenaeus Smith, 1885
Pelagopenaeus Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997
Penaeopsis Bate, 1881
Penaeus Fabricius, 1798
Protrachypene Burkenroad, 1934
† Pseudobombur Secretan, 1975
† Pseudodusa Schweigert & Garassino, 2004
† Rauna Münster, 1839
† Rhodanicaris Van Straelen, 1924
Rimapenaeus Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997
† Saty