Shrimp | EPFL Graph Search

A shrimp (: shrimp (US) or shrimps (UK)) is a crustacean (a form of shellfish) with an elongated body and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – typically belonging to the Caridea or Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are also referred to as "shrimp". More narrow definitions may be restricted to Caridea, to smaller species of either group or to only the marine species. Under a broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long, narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae), and slender legs. Any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one. They swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens, although their escape response is typically repeated flicks with the tail driving them backwards very quickly. Crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin, fragile legs which they use primarily for perching. Shrimp are widespread and abundant. There are thousands of species adapted to a wide range of habitats. They can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. To escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment. They usually live from one to seven years. Shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season. They play important roles in the food chain and are an important food source for larger animals ranging from fish to whales. The muscular tails of many shrimp are edible to humans, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption. Commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year, and in 2010 the total commercial production of shrimp was nearly 7 million tonnes. Shrimp farming became more prevalent during the 1980s, particularly in China, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp.

Bioaccumulation of antibiotics in wild freshwater invertebrates

Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Marc Chevreuil

Occurrence and bioaccumulation of 20 antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones (FQs), sulfonamids (SAs), macrolids (MLs), tetracyclins (TCs),diaminopyrimidins (DPs) and nitro-imidazols (NIs) in an amphipod crustacean (Gammarus pulex) inhabiting in the small river, downstream of effluent from a wastewater treatment plants in Ile-de-France (France) and in shrimps (Lipopenaeus vannamei) inhabiting in the rivers surrounding of intensive shrimp farmingsfarming in the Delta Mekong - Vietnam were investigated. Surface water, sediment and invertebrates samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacine, ofloxacine and norfloxacine, were found in all surface water samples in both research studied areas. However, in France, SAs were the predominant antibiotics in surface water with the maximum concentration of 2780 ng/l for sulfamethoxazole, while, in Vietnam, FQs were the predominant antibiotics with the maximum concentration of 200 ng/l for ciprofloxacin. In sediment samples of both research areas, FQs were the most frequently detected with concentrations from a few to several hundreds µg/kg. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of FQs in sediments indicate that sediments are an important reservoir for FQs as they are strongly adsorbed on to sedimentsit. In the Gammarus pulex, six antibiotics (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, flumequin and trimethoprim) were detected with the concentration rangedge from 2 - to 106 µg/kg (dry weight). Concentration in juvenile were higher than in adult and a seasonal effect was observed during the study period, this variation is however of lower amplitude in juvenile. In the shrimps Lipopenaeus vannamei, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were detected with the concentrations ranged from 4 - to 160 µg/kg. These results shown that antibiotics are weakly bioaccumulated with respect to environmental contamination and that , there is a correlation between the adsorption of antibiotics in sediments and their accumulation in wild freshwater invertebrates. The molecular profiles and the concentrations in the invertebrates were depending on species and habitat.

2017

Bioaccumulation of antibiotics in wild freshwater invertebrates

Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Marc Chevreuil

2017