University of Yangon

The University of Yangon (also Yangon University; ရန်ကုန် တက္ကသိုလ်, jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ tɛʔkəθò; formerly Rangoon College, Rangoon University and Rangoon Arts and Sciences University), located in Kamayut, Yangon, is the oldest university in Myanmar's modern education system and the best known university in Myanmar. The university offers mainly undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (Bachelor's, Master's, Post-graduate Diploma, and Doctorate) programs in liberal arts, sciences and law. Full-time bachelor's degrees were not offered at the university's main campus after the student protests of 1996. The bachelor's degree was re-offered from 2014 on. Today degrees in Political Science are offered to undergraduate students, as well as postgraduate diplomas in areas such as social work and geology. Initially most major universities in the country depended on Yangon University. Until 1958 when Mandalay University became an independent university, all institutions of higher education in Myanmar were under Yangon University. After the University Education Act of 1964, all professional colleges and institutes of the university such as the Institute of Medicine 1, Rangoon Institute of Technology and Yangon Institute of Economics became independent universities, leaving the Yangon University with liberal arts, sciences and law. In Myanmar, responsibility for higher education depends on various ministries. The University of Yangon depends from the Ministry of education. Yangon University has been at the centre of civil discontent throughout its history. All three nationwide strikes against the British administration (1920, 1936 and 1938) began at Rangoon University. Leaders of the Burmese independence movement such as General Aung San, U Nu, Ne Win and U Thant are some of the notable alumni of the university. The tradition of student protest at the university continued in the post-colonial era—in 1962, 1974, 1988 and in 1996. Established in 1878 as an of the University of Calcutta, the Rangoon College was operated and managed by the Education Syndicate set up by the British colonial administration.

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British rule in Burma

British rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the successive three Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence. The region under British control was known as British Burma, and officially known as Burma (မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်) from 1886. Various portions of Burmese territories, including Arakan and Tenasserim were annexed by the British after their victory in the First Anglo-Burmese War; Lower Burma was annexed in 1852 after the Second Anglo-Burmese War.

Yangon

Yangon (formerly romanized as Rangoon, ရန်ကုန်; jàɰ̃.ɡòʊɰ̃; End of Strife) is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre.

Renouer avec la rue.Trilogie d’espaces publics à Yangon (Myanmar)

Yangon, 7.3 millions d’habitants et 0.37 m2 d’espace public par habitant: dix fois moins que ses voisines Bangkok ou Singapour. Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, la ville s’étend, les voitures affluent et le paysage urbain si particulier, issu d’une cohabitation entre habitants, vendeurs de rue, transports et végétation incontrôlée, évolue. Le projet consiste en une trilogie d’interventions le long de Pyay Road, l’un des principaux axes routiers de Yangon, visant à souligner le caractère public potentiel des sites choisis. Le climat – mousson ou soleil ardent – est une donnée cruciale dans le projet: la recherche d’ombre comme catalyseur social, la figure du toit comme point de départ du dessin. Trois espaces publics projetés dans des environnements urbains différenciés. Le premier s’insère dans un alignement des symboles du pouvoir: la pagode Shwedagon et le Parlement régional. Un portique crée une entrée monumentale au plus grand parc de la ville et accueille une séquence d’espaces ouverts. Le second s’ancre dans un contexte plus civil, dont le centre des activités est interrompu par le trafic dense. Une place à un niveau intermédiaire, attachée à une structure existante de route surélevée et reliant deux parcs se faisant face. Elle est à la fois plateforme et toit, circulation et lieu de repos. Le troisième définit un centre civique pour l’université. Percevoir l’avenue scindant le campus, non comme limite mais comme axe auquel s’attachent des fonctions publiques, dont un parc pour flâner.

2019