October 4

AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. 1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. 1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to an end. 1363 – Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang. 1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France. 1535 – The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale. 1582 – The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. 1597 – Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the state of Georgia. 1602 – Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Channel. 1636 – Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock. 1693 – Nine Years' War: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under William Howe. 1795 – Napoleon first rises to prominence by suppressing counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the National Convention. 1824 – Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic. 1830 – The Belgian Revolution takes legal form when the provisional government secedes from the Netherlands. 1853 – The Crimean War begins when the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Russian Empire. 1876 – The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas opens as the first public college in Texas. 1883 – First run of the Orient Express. 1883 – First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland. 1895 – Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship. 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders. 1918 – World War I: An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys a Shell Loading Plant in New Jersey.