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Concept
Carbonate mineral
Summary
Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO32-.
Calcite group: trigonal
Calcite CaCO3
Gaspéite (Ni,Mg,Fe2+)CO3
Magnesite MgCO3
Otavite CdCO3
Rhodochrosite MnCO3
Siderite FeCO3
Smithsonite ZnCO3
Spherocobaltite CoCO3
Aragonite group: orthorhombic
Aragonite CaCO3
Cerussite PbCO3
Strontianite SrCO3
Witherite BaCO3
Rutherfordine UO2CO3
Natrite Na2CO3
Dolomite group: trigonal
Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
Huntite Mg3Ca(CO3)4
Minrecordite CaZn(CO3)2
Barytocalcite BaCa(CO3)2
Carbonate with hydroxide: monoclinic
Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2
Rosasite (Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2
Phosgenite Pb2(CO3)Cl2
Hydrozincite Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O
Ikaite CaCO3·6(H2O)
Lansfordite MgCO3·5(H2O)
Monohydrocalcite CaCO3·H2O
Natron Na2CO3·10(H2O)
Zellerite Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·5(H2O)
The carbonate class in both the Dana and the Strunz classification systems include the nitrates.
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).
Abbreviations:
"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
"REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
"PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
Cyclo: ring
Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
Tekto: three-dimensional framework
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
05.
Official source
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Siderite
Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3). Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word σίδηρος (), meaning "iron". A valuable iron ore, it consists of 48% iron and lacks sulfur and phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium, and manganese commonly substitute for the iron, resulting in the siderite-smithsonite, siderite-magnesite, and siderite-rhodochrosite solid solution series. Siderite has Mohs hardness of 3.75 to 4.25, a specific gravity of 3.96, a white streak and a vitreous lustre or pearly luster.
Ikaite
Ikaite is the mineral name for the hexahydrate of calcium carbonate, . Ikaite tends to form very steep or spiky pyramidal crystals, often radially arranged, of varied sizes from thumbnail size aggregates to gigantic salient spurs. It is only found in a metastable state and decomposes rapidly by losing most of its water content once removed from near-freezing water. This "melting mineral" is more commonly known through its pseudomorphs. It is usually considered a rare mineral, but this is likely due to difficulty in preserving samples.
Monohydrocalcite
Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA. It is a trigonal mineral which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite is not a common rock-forming mineral, but is frequently associated with other calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals, such as calcite, aragonite, lansfordite, and nesquehonite. Monohydrocalcite has been observed in air conditioning systems, and in moonmilk deposits in caves, both probably formed from spray of carbonate rich fluids.
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