Ötzi | EPFL Graph Search

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Ötzi, also called the Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived between 3350 and 3105 BC. Ötzi's remains were discovered on 19 September 1991, in the Ötztal Alps (hence the nickname "Ötzi", œtsi) at the border between Austria and Italy. He is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy, offering an unprecedented view of Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Europeans. Because of the presence of an arrowhead embedded in his left shoulder and various other wounds, researchers believe Ötzi was murdered. The nature of his life and the circumstances of his death are the subject of much investigation and speculation. His remains and personal belongings are on exhibit at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. Ötzi was found on 19 September 1991 by two German tourists, at an elevation of on the east ridge of the Fineilspitze in the Ötztal Alps on the Austrian–Italian border, near Similaun mountain and the Tisenjoch pass. When the tourists, Helmut and Erika Simon, first saw the body, they both believed that they had happened upon a recently deceased mountaineer. The next day, a mountain gendarme and the keeper of the nearby Similaunhütte first attempted to remove the body, which was frozen in ice below the torso, using a pneumatic drill and ice axes, but bad weather forced them to give up. Within a short time, eight groups visited the site, among whom were mountaineers Hans Kammerlander and Reinhold Messner. The body was extracted on 22 September and salvaged the following day. It was transported to the office of the medical examiner in Innsbruck, together with other objects found nearby. On 24 September, the find was examined there by archaeologist Konrad Spindler of the University of Innsbruck. He dated the find to be "at least four thousand years old" on the basis of the typology of an axe among the retrieved objects. Tissue samples from the corpse and other accompanying materials were later analyzed at several scientific institutions and their results unequivocally concluded that the remains belonged to someone who had lived between 3359 and 3105 BCE, or some 5,000 years ago.

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Related concepts (9)

Prehistory

Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5,000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century.

Tyrol

Tyrol (tɪˈroʊl,_taɪˈroʊl,_ˈtaɪroʊl ; historically the Tyrole; Tirol tiˈʁoːl; Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from its formation in the 12th century until 1919.

Bog body

A bog body is a human cadaver that has been naturally mummified in a peat bog. Such bodies, sometimes known as bog people, are both geographically and chronologically widespread, having been dated to between and the Second World War. The unifying factor of the bog bodies is that they have been found in peat and are partially preserved; however, the actual levels of preservation vary widely from perfectly preserved to mere skeletons. Unlike most ancient human remains, bog bodies often retain their skin and internal organs due to the unusual conditions of the surrounding area.

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Eglantine Bigot-Doll

Le projet de refuge + observatoire scientifique dédié à la nivologie se loge en territoire hostile à toute construction. Roche battue par le vent catabatique, altitude de 3300m, les seuls organismes vivants sont les lichens, corps sans organes, symbiose d'algue et de mycélium proliférant selon une organisation rhizomatique. C'est par cet affranchissement de toute hiérarchie structurelle que leur longévité est assurée. Le projet se conforme à cette stratégie. Sa structure principale verticale laminée par les filets d'air fait empreinte alors que son anatomie interne découle de l'accumulation des couches successives, par mimétisme aux dépôts de neige, gels et dégels, glissements, poches, frittage et digitations viscoplastiques. L'intériorité se crée alors par l'abouchement roche/structure primaire, tous deux substrats de la seconde structure établissant le contact entre les deux systèmes. Abouchements encore dans les circulations verticales. Les agencements se créent par invaginations du dehors dans les replis de la matière. La lecture de l'édifice depuis la Mer de Glace s'apparente dès lors à celle du drapé baroque auquel s'ajoutent multiplicités et bourgeonnements, [boursouflures]. Sans laisser pour autant transparaître tout ce qui se crée au-dedans, le projet émet alors sa propre duplicité vénielle, la morpho-schizophrénie du drapé dissimulant une anatomie.

2009