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Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users. Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces. Car parking is essential to car-based travel. Cars are typically stationary around 95 per cent of the time. The availability and price of car parking supports and subsidize car dependency. Car parking uses up a lot of urban land, especially in North America - as much as half in many North American city centers. Parking facilities Parking facilities can be divided into public parking and private parking.

Public parking is managed by local government authorities and available for all members of the public to drive to and park in.
Private parking is owned by a private entity. It may be available for use by the publi

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A parking lot (American English) or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area intended for parking vehicles. The term usually refers to an area dedicated only for p

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A parking lot (American English) or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area intended for parking vehicles. The term usually refers to an area dedicated only for p

A multistorey car park (British and Singapore English) or parking garage (American English), also called a multistory, parking building, parking structure, parkade (mainly Canadi

Traffic comprises pedestrians, vehicles, ridden or herded animals, trains, and other conveyances that use public ways (roads) for travel and transportation. Traffic laws govern and regulate traffic

MGT-201: Introduction to entrepreneurship

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AR-340: Building technology V

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Ce cours traite des divers domaines techniques intervenant dans la conception et la réalisation d'un bâtiment, soit : physique du bâtiment, structures, matériaux, construction et installations techniques; ceci dans une approche globale et transversale.

Requalifier la plaine Bellevue. Un campus ouvert à Sierre (VS)

Samuel Tschopp

Le projet propose d'offrir à la ville un centre dédié à la formation et à la culture sous la forme d'un campus dont le programme exprime une réponse à une demande réelle : la logique de regroupement des hautes écoles invite les facultés à se rassembler sur quelques sites denses afin de partager leurs connaissances, l'augmentation de nouveaux étudiants contraint les écoles à agrandir leurs locaux, la ville souffre d'une pénurie de logements bon marché. Calé longitudinalement sous la voie ferrée, le projet illustre son impact au cœur de la ville en complétant une figure urbaine qui dessine un axe majeur transversal à la vallée du Rhône en contenant la gare. Après plusieurs paliers, l'axe aboutit sur le Petit-Bois qui vient clore la séquence spatiale en surplombant le cimetière. Le geste architectural unificateur perce la barrière de croissance des voies CFF en reliant la Plaine Bellevue à la ville via un forum souterrain. Le bâtiment triparti renferme dans son socle minéral et pérenne un parking public et des salles de classe tandis que sa superstructure préfabriquée contient ponctuellement, en tête, l'Ecole Cantonale d'Art du Valais et, en corps, des unités de logement pour les étudiants dont la construction s'échelonnera dans le temps en fonction des besoins. La haute école existante termine le complexe à son extrémité ouest et fournit les trois niveaux de référence dont le socle du projet se nourrit et qu'il propose d'étendre comme autant de promenades et de vues sur la Plaine.

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Tools to evaluate future actions on the traffic in Lausanne

Michel Bierlaire

Lausanne-Morges agglomeration will experiment strong increases in the number of inhabitants and jobs until 2020. The additional trips generated by these increases will have to be carried out in a larger proportion by soft mobility and transit. There are many projects aiming at facilitating this orientation, in particular projects of important transit lines. As these projects are very expensive, it is important to evaluate their impact before making a choice. This must not be delayed, in order to get Federal funds. However the existing data concerning the demand are limited. For the past, one has data of the federal census of 2000 on commuters trips, as well as cars and transit passengers counts for 2005. For the future, there are estimates of the forecasted increases for population and employment by zone. A modal shift model was established and calibrated for 2005, in order to have a better idea of transit and cars trips in 2020. The main feature of the approach is related to the lack of behavioural data, and the mere availability of a estricted number of data. For example, the parking data, very important to explain the modal split, are not available. Nevertheless it was possible to identify a model exploiting the few data available. We will discuss its limitations and present some hints in order to improve it.

2007

Managing morning commute with parking space constraints in the case of a bi-modal many-to-one network

Wei Liu, Fangni Zhang

Recently, some studies examined how downtown parking space limitation re-shapes the morning commute in the case of a single origin-destination network. This paper further formulates and analyses the commuting equilibrium problem of both mode and departure time choices in a bi-modal (auto and public transit) many-to-one network. Several properties of the equilibrium under parking space constraints and the proposed parking reservation system are discussed. Procedures for computing the dynamic user equilibrium with a parking space constraint (either trading of reservations is allowed or not) have been developed. We show that parking reservation can help reduce deadweight loss due to parking competition and roadway congestion. We also found that assigning more reservations to travellers from a specific origin does not necessarily reduce total travel cost of them, while doing so might raise the total travel cost of travellers from other origins. When parking supply is less than the potential demand but is relatively large, it is socially preferred to retain some parking spaces open for competition. However, when the total parking supply is relatively small, all parking spaces should be reserved to travellers. Besides, we show that trading of reservations among travellers would yield an efficiency loss. This loss can be fairly large thus trading should be prohibited.

Taylor & Francis Ltd2016