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Concept
Alprazolam
Summary
Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. Alprazolam is most commonly used in management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, together with other treatments. GAD improvement occurs generally within a week. Alprazolam is generally taken orally (by mouth).
Common side effects include sleepiness, depression or suppressed emotions, mild to severe decreases in motor skills, hiccups, dulling or declining of cognition as well as alertness or general awareness of one’s surroundings or even behavior, dry mouth (mildly), decreased heart rate, suppression (physiological inhibition) of general central nervous system activity (opposite of physiological excitation), impairment of judgment (usually in higher than therapeutic doses), marginal to severe decreases in memory formation, decreased ability to process new information, as well as partial to complete amnesia depending on dosage. Some of the sedation and tiredness may improve within a few days. Alprazolam withdrawal may occur if use is suddenly decreased; therefore, gradually decreasing the dosage over weeks or months may be required to mitigate the debilitating withdrawal symptoms or possible physical health complications of withdrawal. Cold turkey abstinence is therefore almost universally advised against for all benzodiazepines, with even tapering sometimes requiring attentive medical supervision and care. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, acts through the GABAA receptor, which is considered to be the main mechanism of action responsible for its primary effects and its physiologically inhibiting components on the body’s central nervous system.
Alprazolam was invented by Jackson Hester at the Upjohn Company
Ainsworth, Susan J., "Hester Dies At 80 : Upjohn medicinal chemist designed major drugs", American Chemical Society, December 9, 2013.
Official source
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