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Concept
Kaifeng
Summary
Kaifeng () is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and is best known for having been the Chinese capital during the Northern Song dynasty.
As of the 2020 census, 4,824,016 people lived in Kaifeng's Prefecture, of whom 1,735,581 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Xiangfu, Longting, Shunhe Hui, Gulou and Yuwantai Districts. Located along the Yellow River's southern bank, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the west, Xinxiang to the northwest, Shangqiu to the east, Zhoukou to the southeast, Xuchang to the southwest, and Heze of Shandong to the northeast.
Kaifeng is also a major city in the world by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index. The city is home to a campus of Henan University, one of the national key universities in the Double First Class University Plan.
The postal romanization for the city is "Kaifeng". Its official one-character abbreviation in Chinese is 汴 (Biàn). Historically it has also been known as:
Dàliáng ()
Biànliáng ()
Biànzhōu ()
Nánjīng (), from its status as the Jurchen Jin's southern capital and not to be confused with modern-day Nanjing
Dōngjīng ()
Biànjīng ()
The area was named "Kaifeng" after the Qin's conquest of China in the second century BC. The name literally means "opening the border" and figuratively "hidden" and "vengeance". Its name was originally Qifeng (), but the syllable qi (Baxter-Sagart: /*khʕijʔ/) was changed to the essentially synonymous kai (/Nə-[k]hʕəj/, /[k]hʕəj/) to avoid the naming taboo of Liu Qi (Emperor Jing of Han).
The prefecture-level city of Kaifeng administers five districts and four counties:
Gulou District (鼓楼区)
Longting District (龙亭区)
Yuwangtai District (禹王台区)
Xiangfu District (祥符区)
Shunhe Hui District (顺河回族区)
Weishi County (尉氏县)
Qi County (杞县)
Tongxu County (通许县)
Lankao County (兰考县)
Kaifeng is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China. As with Beijing, there have been many reconstructions during its history.
Official source
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