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Per mille () is parts per thousand. Other recognised spellings include per mil, per mill, permil, permill, or permille. The associated sign is written , which looks like a per cent sign with an extra zero or o in the divisor. Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling and some dictionaries, such as Macmillan, do not even contain an entry. One common usage is blood alcohol content, which is usually expressed as a percentage in English-speaking countries. Per mille should not be confused with parts per million (ppm). The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: . It may be typed using , , , or according to operating system. Note that for the compose key sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0. Examples of use include: Legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰. Seawater salinity: for example: "the average salinity is 35‰". Tunnel and railway gradients (in some countries in Europe). Birth and death rates. Baseball batting averages (colloquially). Property taxation rates: the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada). Expressing stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰". Fineness of precious metals. Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

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Per cent mille

A per cent mille or pcm is one one-thousandth of a percent. It can be thought of as a "milli-percent". It is commonly used in epidemiology, and in nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity. Statistics of crime rates, mortality and disease prevalence in a population are often given in "per 100 000". In nuclear reactor engineering, a per cent mille is equal to one-thousandth of a percent of the reactivity, denoted by Greek lowercase letter rho.

Fraction

A fraction (from fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts. When spoken in everyday English, a fraction describes how many parts of a certain size there are, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters. A common, vulgar, or simple fraction (examples: and ) consists of an integer numerator, displayed above a line (or before a slash like ), and a non-zero integer denominator, displayed below (or after) that line.

Percent sign

The percent sign (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign (also known as a basis point), which indicate that a number is divided by one thousand or ten thousand, respectively. Higher proportions use parts-per notation. English style guides prescribe writing the percent sign following the number without any space between (e.

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