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Concept
Cheshvan
Summary
Marcheshvan (מַרְחֶשְׁוָן, Standard , Tiberian ; from Akkadian , literally, 'eighth month'), sometimes shortened to Cheshvan (חֶשְׁוָן, Standard Tiberian ), is the second month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei), and the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year (which starts on 1 Nisan) on the Hebrew calendar.
In a regular () year, Marcheshvan has 29 days, but because of the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, in some years, an additional day is added to Marcheshvan to make the year a "full" () year. Marcheshvan occurs in October–November in the Gregorian calendar.
The Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian Exile, refers to the month as Bul (). In Sidon, the reference to is also made on the Sarcophaugus of Eshmunazar II dated to the early 5th century BC.
Compared to its Akkadian etymon , the name displays the same lenition of ungeminated מ /m/ to ו /v/ found in other month names (Tammuz traditionally contains mem with dagesh). Uniquely to this name the initial has also changed to מ, giving the overall effect of a metathesis.
In the modern form, with the connection to the roots w-r-ḥ ('moon', 'month') and š-m-n ('eight') no longer apparent, the first two letters מַר (mar) have been re-interpreted as the Hebrew word for 'bitter', alluding to the fact that the month has no holidays or fasts. In other contexts, the word מַר is attributed to mean droplet, associating this month with the rainy season.
7 Marcheshvan: The prayer ('deliver dew and rain') is added to the Shemoneh Esrei prayers in Israel. If no rain has fallen by the 17th of the month, special prayers are added for rain.
Fast of Behav: According to the custom of most Eastern Ashkenazic communities, on the first Sabbath after Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan, a prayer is recited on behalf of all those who are going to fast on Bahab. Bahab, or in Hebrew בה"ב, stands for 2, 5, 2, i.e., Monday (2nd day of the week), Thursday (5th day), and another Monday.
Official source
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